REFLEX CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES TO FOOT IMMERSION IN COLD OR WARM WATER BY EXERCISING AND NON-EXERCISING YOUNG NIGERIAN MALE SUBJECTS
Abstract
Thermal foot immersion elicits reflex cardiovascular changes that may be influenced by
exercise training. This study compared vascular and electrocardiographic (ECG) responses to
foot immersion in cold or warm water in exercising and non-exercising young Nigerian
males. Twenty healthy males (10 exercising, 10 non-exercising; 16-25 years) underwent foot
immersion in cold (8-10°C) and warm (35-40°C) water on separate days. Systolic blood
pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and ECG parameters were
measured and rate pressure product was calculated at baseline and during immersion from the
contralateral arm/ECG leads. Exercising males displayed lower resting HR (P
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