INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF CRIMES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

ABSTRACT This research examines the investigation and prosecution of sexual violence crimes in Northern Nigeria, with particular focus on Bauchi State as a case study. The study analyse the complex interplay between statutory, customary, and religious legal frameworks that govern sexual violence cases in the region. The findings reveal significant challenges including fragmented legal frameworks, institutional capacity constraints, evidentiary difficulties, and socio-cultural barriers that contribute to high case attrition rates and limited justice access for survivors. The research identifies promising practices emerging across Northern states, including Sexual Assault Referral Centres, specialised courts, and community engagement initiatives that demonstrate potential for improved outcomes. Key recommendations include completing Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act domestication across all Northern states, strengthening institutional capacity through specialised training and resources, standardising investigative and prosecutorial procedures, enhancing victim support services, and engaging religious and traditional leaders in shifting community attitudes regarding sexual violence. The study contributes to understanding sexual violence response in pluralistic legal contexts while offering practical recommendations for policy reform and implementation.