INTERROGATING THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

This study critically interrogates the role of environmental law in protecting biodiversity in Nigeria. Against the backdrop of accelerating biodiversity loss driven by anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, pollution, climate change, and habitat fragmentation, the study explores the legal and institutional frameworks established to safeguard Nigeria's rich ecological heritage. It underscores the necessity of a robust environmental legal regime to mitigate environmental degradation and sustain ecosystem services essential for human survival.The research adopts a doctrinal methodology, relying on both primary sources, including constitutional provisions, statutory instruments, and international treaties, and secondary materials such as academic journals, textbooks, and policy documents. It evaluates key legislations such as the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, the NESREA Act, and the Endangered Species Act, alongside the functions of regulatory bodies like the Federal Ministry of Environment and the National Park Service. Findings reveal that while Nigeria has a broad array of environmental laws and has ratified significant international treaties, the practical impact of these frameworks is hindered by weak enforcement, institutional fragmentation, limited public awareness, and non-justifiable constitutional provisions. The study also highlights the need to integrate indigenous ecological knowledge, enhance inter-agency collaboration, and promote public participation in conservation efforts. The study concludes that although environmental law holds substantial potential in biodiversity protection, systemic reforms are necessary to address existing legal and institutional deficiencies. It recommends strategic legal amendments, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and increased investment in environmental governance to ensure effective biodiversity conservation in line with global best practices.