ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES FOR LASSA FEVER AMONG GENERAL OUTPATIENTS AT FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, ONDO STATE.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lassa fever remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly in endemic regions such as Ondo State. Despite ongoing control efforts, recurring outbreaks have been attributed to poor awareness, delayed health-seeking behavior, and inadequate preventive practices. Understanding the level of knowledge and personal preventive behaviors among individuals at risk is crucial for targeted interventions. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and preventive practices related to Lassa fever among follow-up general patients attending the outpatient department at the Federal Medical Centre, Ondo State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 155 returning outpatients using a structured questionnaire. Data collected covered socio-demographics, knowledge of Lassa fever symptoms, prevention, treatment, and personal preventive practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with frequencies, percentages, and chi-square tests used to determine associations at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents were female (54.8%), aged 21–30 years (49.0%), and had tertiary education (65.8%). Regarding symptoms, 72.3% recognized fatigue as a symptom, while 67.1% identified vomiting and diarrhea. Knowledge of prevention was high: 87.1% practiced regular handwashing, 84.5% blocked rat entry points, and 85.2% avoided contact with infected rodents. On treatment knowledge, 84.5% acknowledged early treatment's importance, though only 55.5% correctly identified ribavirin as an antiviral drug. About 52.9% mistakenly believed Lassa fever could be managed without medical care. Personal preventive practices were commendable, 89.0% reported maintaining rodent-free environments, while 83.2% stored food in rodent-proof containers. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.001) were found between educational level and knowledge of symptoms, prevention, and treatment. Conclusion: Although respondents demonstrated good preventive behavior, knowledge gaps remain in treatment and epidemiological facts. Educational level played a crucial role in knowledge distribution. Recommendation: Targeted health education, particularly for the less educated, and community- wide campaigns are recommended to strengthen Lassa fever control. Keywords: Lassa fever, knowledge, preventive practice, outpatient, Ondo State, treatment awareness, rodent control.