THE ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS IN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS IN AFRICA: ACHIEVEMENTS AND SET-BACKS

This study investigates the role of the United Nations in peacekeeping missions across Africa, with a particular focus on evaluating their effectiveness and challenges. Rooted in the growing relevance of multilateral intervention in conflict resolution, the research explores how the UN engages in peacekeeping, the extent of its achievements, and the challenges it faces in conflict regions. Guided by three core research questions and objectives, the study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data and qualitative insights through interviews with UN officials, diplomats, and scholars in peace and conflict studies. The analysis integrates both statistical techniques and thematic analysis. The theoretical underpinning is based on the structural functionalism theory by Gabriel Almond and James Coleman, which conceptualizes the UN as a structural institution functioning to maintain global peace and stability.Findings reveal that the UN has made significant contributions to peace and security in Africa, particularly through missions such as UNMISS, MONUSCO, and UNAMID. However, the research also highlights operational limitations including mandate ambiguity, funding gaps, and coordination challenges. The study concludes that while the UN remains central to peacekeeping efforts, its effectiveness is contingent on improved structural and strategic planning. Key recommendations include clearer and more realistic mandates, strengthened rapid response mechanisms, deeper collaboration with regional actors, increased investment in peacebuilding, and enhanced human rights oversight. Overall, the research underscores the need for a more context-specific and sustainably funded peacekeeping framework for Africa. Keywords: United Nations, Peacekeeping, Conflict Resolution, Effectiveness, Challenges.