PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ANALYSIS OF BAKALORI DAM, MARADUN,ZAMFARA STATE, NORTHERN NIGERIA.

ABSTRACT This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the physio-chemical parameters of Bakalori Dam water, focusing on its quality and environmental implications over a specific period. ey parameters analyzed include pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nutrient concentrations such as nitrates and phosphates. The correlation between these parameters and phytoplankton presence was also examined. This study, conducted from April 20th to May 4th, 2024, analyzes the physico-chemical parameters of the Bakalori Dam in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria. Over the two-week period, 15 water samples were collected from various points around the dam for comprehensive physico-chemical analysis. Key parameters measured include color, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, and turbidity. Color measurements were carried out using a Lovibond Computer with calibrated color disc, resulting in precise color values for each sample. pH was determined electromagnetically, ensuring accurate acidity/alkalinity readings. EC and TDS were measured using the Wagtech WE30120 Conductivity/TDS meter, providing insights into ion concentration and water salinity. Temperature readings were automatically compensated by the EC/TDS meter, and turbidity was assessed with the Wagtech WE30140 Potalab Turbidity meter, indicating the cloudiness of the water due to suspended particles.The results revealed significant variations across different sampling points. ThepH Levels: The pH of the dam water ranged from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, with a significant correlation to the presence of phytoplankton (r = -0.616, p < 0.1). Temperature: Showed a seasonal variation influencing dissolved oxygen levels, with a moderate positive correlation to BOD (r = 0.332). Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Varied significantly with changes in temperature and showed an inverse relationship with conductivity and TDS. Conductivity and TDS: Strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.894, p < 0.01), indicating the presence of dissolved ions. BOD and COD: Indicated the organic load and overall health of the water, with BOD showing significant seasonal variation. Nutrient Concentrations: Elevated levels of nitrates and phosphates were detected, likely due to agricultural runoff, impacting the water quality and contributing to eutrophication. The project was conducted over a period of several months, with sampling and data collection occurring between May 8, 2024, and May 31, 2024.In total, a composite sample of 100 liters was filtered through a 55um Hydro-Bios plankton net, concentrating the contents into 250ml plankton bottles preserved in 4% formalin. Subsequent laboratory analysis involved microscopic examination using a Nikon 400 binocular microscope, facilitating the identification and counting of plankton organisms. This study provides essential baseline data for ongoing water quality monitoring and management efforts aimed at ensuring the ecological health and sustainability of the Bakalori Dam.