TITLE WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN RURAL AREAS

Abstract Improper waste disposal remains a critical public health concern in rural communities, where inadequate infrastructure and limited awareness exacerbate environmental degradation and disease prevalence. This study examined the waste disposal methods and their effects on public health in the rural areas of Igba Were, Igbi-Idun, and Offa Town in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State. A descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 150 randomly selected residents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tools such as chi-square and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that open dumping and burning were the most commonly practiced waste disposal methods, while composting and sanitary landfilling were rarely used. The study also showed a high prevalence of waste-related illnesses, including malaria, typhoid, and diarrhea, especially in areas with poor waste management practices. A statistically significant relationship was found between waste disposal methods and disease occurrence, and a positive correlation was observed between educational level and the adoption of safer waste disposal practices. The study concludes that unsanitary waste disposal significantly threatens public health in the study area and recommends increased public health education, provision of waste management infrastructure, and community participation in environmental sanitation. These interventions are essential for improving public health outcomes and achieving sustainable environmental practices in rural communities.