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ABSTRACT<br><br> Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment by converting organic matter into energy. This study investigates the effect of anodic pH on MFC performance, with a focus on power generation. Laboratory experiments were conducted using anodic pH levels of 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5. Sewage wastewater was utilized as the anolyte, while sludge served as the inoculum source. The catholyte consisted of a phosphate buffer maintained at a pH of 7.0. Biochemical characterization of the wastewater, including BOD, COD, and TSS, was performed using standard methods. Data analysis identified the optimal conditions for maximum power output. Results revealed that an anodic pH of 7.5 produced the highest power density of 73.11 mW/m², 415.79 mA/m² current density, and voltage of 527.10 mV. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining optimal pH levels to enhance MFC performance and stability. This study not only aids in the optimization of MFC systems but also provides valuable insights for their application in renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment. Practical implications include the potential integration of MFC technology into urban wastewater plants, industrial effluent treatment systems, and decentralized energy solutions for off-grid areas.

The study focused on effect of social media in spreading fake news and hate speech in Enugu State metropolis. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of social media in spreading fake news and hate speech in Nigeria with special reference to Enugu Metropolis. The specific objectives are to; ascertain if the media play a part in dissemination of fake news and hate speech in Enugu metropolis; identify the causes of fake news and hate speech in Enugu metropolis; find out the effect of fake news and hate speech on target audience; provide possible solutions to the factors responsible for fake news and hate speech in Enugu metropolis. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The targeted population of this research work was narrowed down to all the resident in Enugu metropolis which is 876,000. The sample size of the study was estimated using Tarro Yamane which yielded 399. The reliability of the instrument was established using pilot study. The findings of the study reveals that people fall for fake news because of their inability to sieve out the real news, people fall for fake news because they have trust on media as an agent of real news, people fall for fake news out naivety, people fall for fake news because ignorant. The findings of the third research question indicates that Enugu State metropolis residents perceived news report in the country bigotry, they perceived news report in the country as a doctored report, Enugu State metropolis residents perceived news report in the country as fake, Enugu State metropolis residents perceived news report in the country as unconventional. The study recommends that There is need to guard the conduct of professional journalism so as to prevent form engaging in fake news dissemination that has the power to destroy the practice of professional journalism.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> The study investigate the impact of social interaction on the performance of adult learners in the School of Adult and Non-Formal Education at Federal College of Education Kano. The research was guided by three objectives: to identify the social interaction among students, to examine the impact of social interaction on academic performance, and to find out the challenges associated with social interaction among adult learners. The scope of the study focused on adult learners enrolled in various programs within the School of Adult and Non-Formal Education at Federal College of Education Kano, considering both in-class and out-of-class social interactions. The literature review explored key concepts related to adult learning, social interaction, and academic performance, drawing from both theoretical frameworks and empirical studies conducted in similar contexts. The study employed a survey research design within a quantitative research framework. From a target population of 65 adult learners, a sample of 56 respondents was selected using systematic random sampling. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions using a Yes/No response pattern. The data was analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages. The findings revealed that most social interactions among adult learners are directed towards academic goals (73.21%) and are generally cordial and cooperative (82.14%). The study found a strong positive relationship between social interaction and academic performance, with 80.36% of students reporting improved academic performance through active interaction with classmates. Students also reported benefits from peer feedback (76.79%), increased confidence through group discussions (69.64%), and enhanced understanding of course materials (73.21%). Major challenges affecting social interaction included feeling intimidated in group discussions (55.36%), conflicts among group members (64.29%), and inadequate facilities for interaction (73.21%). Based on these findings, the study concluded that social interaction plays a significant role in enhancing the academic performance of adult learners, but several challenges need to be addressed to maximize its benefits. The study recommended developing strategies to address confidence issues, incorporating more structured collaborative learning activities, improving facilities for student interaction, providing conflict resolution training, and implementing flexible scheduling options to accommodate the diverse commitments of adult learners.

: The increasing population of the world resulted to the advent of contraceptive use in the world at large. This is because of the adverse effect that was arising from this present condition experienced especially by third world countries. Nigeria being the most populous country in sub-saharan Africa which makes it a focus for increasing contraceptive usage has a high total fertility rate (TFR), estimated to be 5.07 for women of reproductive age (15-49) with a low uptake of contraceptives. Evidence from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey indicates that only about 15 percent of sexually active women currently practice effective contraception<br><br> <br><br> Objectives: The objectives of this study includes; to assess the knowledge of contraceptive methods, to determine the level of contraceptive usage and to assess the factors responsible for non-utilization of contraceptives among mothers attending family health clinic in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH).<br><br> <br><br> Method: A cross sectional study design was employed to determine the knowledge, rate of contraceptive utilization and the various reasons for the non-utilization of contraceptives among 218 respondents selected by a systematic sampling technique in family health clinic of Jos University teaching hospital using a semi-structured interviewer questionnaire. Information concerning the knowledge, uptake and reasons for non-utilization of contraceptives was obtained. Data was analysed using Epi Info statistical software and results were presented as tables. Chi square was used to test association between qualitative variables.<br><br> <br><br> Results: Majority, 200 (91.7%) of the respondents are within the age group of 20 - 30 years and above, most 207 (95.0%) of them have attained at least secondary level of education and above. Majority, 213 (97.7%) of the respondents are aware of one form of contraceptive method or the other, 210 (96.3%) know where to get contraceptives, 160 (73.4%) have used one form of contraceptive method or the other. Two common methods used are; condom / barrier method, 74 (46.0%) and injectables, 33 (20.5%). Currently, 47.7% are using contraceptives, among which 87 (39.9%) are using modern method. Two common method in current usage are; injectables, 34 (32.7%) and implants 17 (16.3%). The main reasons for contraceptive usage are; child spacing, 62 (59.6%) and prevention of unwanted pregnancy, 42 (40.4%). Four main reasons for non-utilization of contraceptives are; fear of side effects, 159 (72.9%), lack of knowledge on how to use it properly, 85 (39.0%), proximity to source, 50 (22.9%) and spouse / partner's disapproval, 49 (22.5%). Respondents level of education and religious affiliation are the main factors that were found to influence the uptake / utilization of contraceptives.<br><br> <br><br> Conclusion: This study showed that, despite the high awareness about contraceptives, the uptake is relatively low compared to the rate in developed countries. Factors like religious affiliation and awareness of contraceptives have statistically significant association with contraceptive uptake and the reasons for its non-utilization. There is a strong need to enhance proper counseling of mothers on issues regarding contraceptives in order to eliminate misinformation concerning contraceptive usage and its side effects. The counselling should also pass the right information on the proper utilization of contraceptives and its overall benefits.

This study investigates the impact of teacher shortages and the recruitment of quality educators on students' academic performance in public secondary schools in Ilorin South, Kwara State. Grounded in systems theory, the research views education as an interconnected system where inputs, particularly qualified teachers, directly affect outputs such as student performance. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting teachers and students from 14 randomly selected public secondary schools in the LGA. A total of 367 valid responses (145 teachers and 222 students) were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and linear regression. Findings revealed a significant shortage of qualified teachers across core subjects, leading to increased class sizes, multitasking among teachers, and diminished instructional quality. The study also identified ineffective recruitment strategies, influenced by political interference and lack of merit-based recruitment, as major obstacles to attracting competent educators. Furthermore, teacher quality, including qualifications, teaching style, and continuous professional development was found to have a strong positive correlation with student academic achievement. The study recommends the implementation of transparent, merit-based recruitment policies, enhanced teacher training programs, and incentives to attract and retain educators, particularly in underserved areas. These findings have broad implications for educational policy, school administration, and national development efforts aimed at improving the quality of public education in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT<br> This study examines the relationship between CEO compensation and firm value of deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. Using panel data from eight Nigerian banks over a ten-year period (2014-2023), the research investigates how CEO remuneration affects share price, return on equity, and earnings per share. The study employs a reasoned sampling technique and relies on secondary data extracted from annual reports and financial statements. Analyses are conducted using descriptive statistics, normality tests, correlation analysis, and robust fixed effects regression models. The study reveals that CEO compensation has a positive and statistically significant relationship with all three measures of firm value: share price (coefficient = 14.24, p = 0.032), return on equity (coefficient = 0.082, p = 0.035), and earnings per share (coefficient = 3.43, p = 0.047). These results suggest that higher CEO compensation in Nigerian deposit money banks is associated with enhanced firm performance and shareholder value. The study recommended that deposit money banks should adopt performance linked compensation frameworks that tie CEO and board pay directly to share price, ROE, and EPS targets, establish independent remuneration committees to oversee, benchmark, and disclose executive pay policies transparently and should conduct annual reviews of compensation structures against industry benchmarks and long term strategic objectives to maintain alignment with shareholder value.

This project explores the methodologies and practical considerations involved in integrating battery storage systems with solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. It addresses the challenge of solar energy intermittency by developing accurate battery sizing techniques and efficient installation procedures. The study includes data collection, load analysis, site assessment, environmental evaluation, and Battery Management System (BMS) integration to ensure system reliability and safety. Through detailed calculations, a 5 kVA Solar PV system was designed using 12V/240Ah batteries connected in series, achieving a stable 56.8V at 28% inverter load and providing a full day backup capacity. The findings demonstrate that well-sized and properly installed battery systems significantly improve energy reliability, reduce operational costs, and support sustainable energy adoption. The work concludes that effective solar-plus-storage integration is vital for advancing clean, efficient, and dependable renewable energy solutions.

ABSTRACT <br><br> This project presents the design and implementation of an e-logbook system with geo-location facilities. The current method of managing student internships, primarily relying on paper based logbooks, is characterized by critical limitations. <br><br> The study employed the Agile methodology to design and develop a robust, three-tier web application serving the distinct needs of the Intern, Industry Supervisor, and Academic Coordinator. Core technologies such as HTML, CSS, Java, php were employed to develop the system interface, logic and functionalities and MySql database. The core functionality centers on the Real-Time Geo-Location feature, which captures and embeds the Intern's GPS coordinates and a timestamp at the point of log submission. This provides an irrefutable digital proof of presence at the designated internship site, resolving the primary weakness of the manual system. <br><br> In conclusion, the developed Web-Based Internship E-Logbook successfully replaces the deficient manual system, providing a secure, efficient, and verifiable platform. The system is recommended for adoption as it significantly improves the integrity and effectiveness of the industrial training experience.