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ABSTRACT<br><br> The hospital food environment is a complex system encompassing all aspects of food provision within a hospital setting. The study examined nature and extent of the hospital food environment within the premises of the Federal Medical Centre Umuahia. The work involved food environment assessment beyond the hospital. The study population comprised of all the Departments in the hospital and all means of advertisement in the hospital. Information on the food adverts was collected through open data kit (ODK) to ascertain the product description, product type, and product characters, and healthy and unhealthy food categories. Billboard posters, banner (digital, food vending type such as bus shelter, shop or cat) were measured using measuring tape to ascertain the nature and extent of advertisement present in the study area. The data collected was described by target audience (billboards, poster, and banner), the number of advertisement, total number of foods products, number of adverts and non-adverts products, types of food categories advertised, advertising technique used and nutritional quality of the food advertised. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) computer program version 23 was used to analyze the data. Data from the Open data kit was grouped in sections and keyed to the software. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) "was used to present information on the product and type. The study showed that (100%) had small advert size. The study revealed that (100%) of the respondents used poster/banner as type of advert. All (100%) of the respondents had non-core unhealthy food. Based on the food category code, (88.2%) were bread, rice and rice product while (11.8%) were energy drink. Majority (90%) of the retail store had nut while (10%) do not, (100%) no 100 percent juice, (100%) no 100 whole grain bread, (100%) low sugar cereals, more than half (55%) of the retail store don't have different varieties of milk while (45%) have different varieties of milk, (100%) no skimmed yoghurt, (100%) no cheese, majority (80%) had eggs while (20%) do not, (100%) of the retail store had no extra virgin olive oil, (90%) of the retail store had no whole rice while (10%) had whole rice, (100%) no white rice, more than half (75%) had legumes while (25%) no legumes, more than half (80%) of the retail stores had no red meat while (20%) had red meat, (80%) of the retail store had poultry meat while (20%) do not, (95%) no canned tuna while (5%) had canned tuna. Based on the results, recommendation was made that healthier and affordable foods should be made available within the hospital premises to create healthier food environment.

Effect of different seed dressing chemicals on seed germination rate of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out at the laboratory of the Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State in 2024. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the effect of different seed dressing chemicals on seed germination and seedling growth of bell pepper identify the most suitable seed dressing active ingredient for enhancing seed germination and seedling growth of bell pepper. Four treatments (three seed dressing chemicals and one untreated) “T4 = (Imidacloprid 10% +Thiram 10%), T3 = (Imidacloprid 20%+Meterlxyx 20%) and T2 = (Imidacloprid 20%+ Metalaxy -M 20%+ Tebuconszole 2%) seed dressing chemicals at a rate of 2.5 gm to 200 gm of seeds was used. A Completely Randomized Design was used for the laboratory experiments. The number of replications the experiments was four. The tested seed dressing chemicals enhanced the germination of bell pepper seeds as compare to untreated. Result indicates that T3 and T4 enhance seed germination rate and Seedling growth, thus the seedling could tolerate biotic and abiotic stress there by resulting in better productivity.

This research explored the relationship between motivation, expected sports performance, and perceived health status among athletes at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The research utilized the surveys method through the use of questionnaires to gather data from a diverse sample of athletes within the university's sports teams. The findings of this research suggest that there is a strong relationship between motivation, expected sports performance, and perceived health status in athletes. Athletes who are highly motivated tend to have higher expectations for their performance, and those who perceive their health as optimal are more likely to perform well. Motivation appears to be the driving force behind athletes’ goals, while perceived health status influences their confidence and ability to meet these expectations. These interrelationships emphasize the importance of addressing both psychological and physical well-being to enhance sports performance among athletes at Ambrose Alli University. Following these findings the study recommends among others, that coaches and sports administrators should focus on strategies that enhance motivation among athletes, through goal-setting, positive reinforcement, and creating a supportive environment that fosters a strong sense of purpose and drive; athletes should be encouraged to regularly assess and maintain their health and that universities and sports bodies should implement training programs that not only focus on physical skills but also on psychological aspects such as mental toughness, stress management, and building resilience.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigated the influence of secret cult membership on the academic performance of undergraduate students in Imo State University (IMSU), Owerri, Nigeria. The research adopted a Descriptive Survey and Comparative Design to achieve its objectives. A sample of 385 students was utilized, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique across four major faculties. The primary instrument was the Students' Social Deviance and Academic Performance Questionnaire (SSDAPQ), which used proxy indicators and self-reported CGPA ranges to gather sensitive data while ensuring anonymity. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and the Independent Samples T-test to test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance.<br> Findings revealed that the major factors influencing student involvement are the need for physical security and protection ($\bar{X}=3.55$), peer pressure ($\bar{X}=3.40$), and the desire for power/dominance ($\bar{X}=3.25$). Furthermore, the associated activities exert a serious negative effect on academic commitment, primarily through the loss of study time ($\bar{X}=3.65$) and mental stress ($\bar{X}=3.50$). The hypothesis test was rejected ($t_{cal}=4.88 > t_{crit}=1.966$), concluding that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean academic performance (CGPA) between students with high deviance/cult-inclined behaviors ($\bar{X}=2.50$) and non-members ($\bar{X}=3.25$). The study concludes that secret cultism is a direct threat to academic standards at IMSU and recommends a two-pronged strategy focusing on enhancing campus security and establishing robust peer mentorship and psychological counselling programs.<br> Keywords: Secret Cultism, Academic Performance, Imo State University, CGPA, Social Deviance, Peer Pressure, Campus Security.

Amassoma, a university community in Bayelsa State's Niger Delta, suffers severe environmental degradation from decades of oil extraction. Gas flaring, frequent oil spills, and biomass burning have created a particulate matter (PM) pollution crisis, yet the specific impacts on birth defects remain unquantified in this region. This mixed-methods study investigates PM pollution's association with congenital anomalies through questionnaires administered to 100 participants (30 healthcare providers and 70 high-risk residents including pregnant women, mothers, farmers, and traders), supplemented by proxy environmental data from neighboring industrial zones. Findings reveal open waste dumping (80% prevalence) and biomass burning (70%) as dominant pollution sources. Alarmingly, proxy data shows PM₂.₅ concentrations (45–65 µg/m³) exceeded WHO limits by 9–13 times, while mercury in water (0.03–0.06 mg/L) surpassed safety thresholds by 30–60 times. These pollutants correlated strongly with respiratory illnesses (55%), skin rashes (60%), and birth defects (15% prevalence, including cleft lip/palate and neural tube defects). Socioeconomic vulnerability exacerbated risks: 50% of households earned

The study investigates the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida species as well as to determine the associated risk factors and socio-demographic information among pregnant women attending Primary Health Care Center, Hayin Banki Kaduna. A total of 100 cervical swab samples were collected. Trichomonas vaginalis was identified by direct microscopy while Candida species was identified using standard plate techniques. The findings showed that Candida species is the most common infection, occurring in 20% of participants, followed by Trichomonas vaginalis at 6%, and co-infections at 6%. Age group xxx has the highest infection rate with no significant association with Trichomonas vaginalis (p=0.491) and co-infection (p=0.491) but significantly associated with Candida spp. (p=0.011). Marital status, occupation and gestational period of the respondents have no significant association with the infections (p≥0.05). It is recommended that government should develop and implement comprehensive health education programs focusing on personal hygiene, sexual health, and infection prevention.

Family planning is the use of methods by couples to control the number and spacing of<br><br> children. There are methods for the female and male partners. Vasectomy is one of the<br><br> methods for the male partner; it is a permanent method of male sterilization. It is the most<br><br> effective permanent method available to men. The procedure is common in Canada, United<br><br> States and China, but is not very common in developing countries like Nigeria. Most family<br><br> planning methods are targeted towards women. The lack of attention on men in family<br><br> planning services, especially permanent methods has resulted in negative attitudes towards<br><br> such methods, of which vasectomy is an example. Therefore, understanding the level of<br><br> knowledge and acceptance of vasectomy among healthcare workers is crucial in promoting<br><br> its uptake and ensuring adequate information. This study added to the body of knowledge,<br><br> helped identify gaps in knowledge and practice of vasectomy, guided targeted interventions in<br><br> health education and service provision of vasectomy. Our aim was to assess the level of<br><br> knowledge and acceptance of vasectomy among male health workers in the University Of<br><br> Uyo Teaching hospital with a 500 bed capacity. A descriptive cross sectional study design<br><br> was used for the study. Sample size was determined using Cochran’s 1977 formula for<br><br> cross sectional studies. Our calculated sample size was 106. The sample population was<br><br> selected using multi stage sampling technique which involved stratified random sampling,<br><br> purposive non-probability sampling, proportional allocation and systematic random sampling.<br><br> From the study, our result showed that105 (99.06%) of 106 respondents have heard of vasectomy,<br><br> 81 (76.42%) believed that it’s a permanent method of contraception, 70 (66.04%) knew that their<br><br> semen doesn’t contain sperm after vasectomy, 78 (73.58%) knew that they can still ejaculate after<br><br> viii<br><br> having a vasectomy, 101 (95.28%) agreed that the procedure should be performed by a doctor, 51<br><br> (48.11%) knew that recovery after performing the procedure is within a week, 80 (75.47%) knew<br><br> that patients could experience mild pain after the procedure, 79 (74.53%) agreed that vasectomy<br><br> is not synonymous with castration. This shows that there is good knowledge of vasectomy among<br><br> the respondents. The result also showed that friends view was the most significance factor<br><br> influencing the level of acceptance (83.02%).<br><br> In conclusion, good knowledge of vasectomy does not translate to a high acceptance of the<br><br> procedure.

LIST OF TABLES<br><br> 4.1: Questionnaire distribution and collection 47<br><br> 4.2: Gender of Respondents 48<br><br> 4.3: Age Range of Respondents 48<br><br> 4.4: Marital Status of Respondents 49<br><br> 4.5: On-the-Job Training and Employee Effectiveness 49<br><br> 4.6: Regression Results for Hypothesis One 51<br><br> 4.7: Responses on Role-Play Development Programmes and Employees’<br><br> Job Efficiency 53<br><br> 4.8: Regression Results for Hypothesis Two 55<br><br> 4.9: Responses on Innovative Training and Employee Adaptive<br><br> Performance 57<br><br> 4.10: Regression Results for Hypothesis Three 59<br><br> <br><br> <br><br> <br><br> <br><br> <br><br> <br><br> ABSTRACT<br><br> This study examined the effect of training and development on workers performance using Golden Guinea Nigeria Plc, Umuahia, Abia State. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of on-the-job training on workers effectiveness at Golden Guinea Breweries Plc, Umuahia; assess the effect of role-play development programmes on workers’ job efficiency at Golden Guinea Breweries Plc, Umuahia; and examine the effect of innovative training on workers adaptive performance at Golden Guinea Breweries Plc, Umuahia. Survey design was adopted. Primary source of data in the form of structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis was carried out using distribution tables, percentages, Pearson correlation analysis and t-statistics. Findings revealed that on-the-job training has significant effect on employee effectiveness at Golden Guinea Breweries Plc, Umuahia (F-statistics=118.472). It also found that role-play development programmes has significant effect on employees’ job efficiency at Golden Guinea Breweries Plc, Umuahia (F-statistics=113.981). innovative training has significant effect on employee adaptive performance at Golden Guinea Breweries Plc, Umuahia. (F-Statistics=3.3345). It concluded that investing in training and development of employees help to improve on employee job performance. Based on the findings, it recommended that various on-the-jobs and outside trainings such as seminars is necessary to improve not just the employees’ skills and knowledge but product quality. Thus management of Golden Guinea should consider investing on such seminar programmes for its employees.