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ABSTRACT <br> This study investigates the prevalence of discriminations of patients living with HIV/AIDS in accessing health care services in university of Ilorin teaching hospital,Ilorin,kwara state. Despite advances in medical treatment and increased awareness about HIV/AIDS,stigma and discrimatory practice persist within healthcare settings,often undermining the rights and dignity of affected inviduals.This study embarked on an investigation into the intricate dynamics of discrimination experienced by PLWHA when seeking healthcare services at the university of Ilorin teaching hospital in kwara state Nigeria. This research employed a descriptive research design to assess the thoughts and opinion of the patients living with HIV/AIDS in accessing health care services in university of Ilorin teaching hospital. This study investigate on 174 respondents and the findings reveals that a significant of people living with HIV/AIDS encounters subtle discriminatory behaviors,including delayed treament and negative attitudes from some healthcare personnel.These practices not only discourage patients from seeking medical attention but also affect the overall effectiveness of HIV/AIDS intervention programs.The study recommend enhanced training for healthcare workers,enforcement of anti-discrimatory policies,and increased sensitization to reduce stigma and promote equitable healthcare access for all. By addressing this challenges, the health system can foster a more supportive environment for people living with HIV/AIDS.

ABSTRACT <br> Skin bleaching is as an act of brightening the skin complexion using mixtures of chemical substances and physical treatments for cosmetic purposes. It has been on a global rise despite the tremendous immediate and longtime side effects of such practices. The practice of skin bleaching is intertwined with personal identity, self-image and racial supremacy.<br> Over the past four decades, the practice of skin bleaching has been on the rise among adults including teenagers all over the world, 40-77% of the sub-Saharan population are said to be involved in one form of skin bleaching or the other and in 2018 WHO published that the prevalence of skin bleaching in Nigeria was as high 77% making Nigeria the leading country in Africa. This survey was aimed at determining the reasons for such a rise in prevalence in Nigeria and the contribution of our locality (MMC and JERE) to this global burden and to contribute to the social change through creating awareness and also add to the local and international data on skin bleaching practices. <br> This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using multi-stage sampling method. The sample consisted of 422 respondents selected from 4 wards in MMC and 3 wards in JERE local government areas of Borno state. The tool used for this survey was an interviewed based questionnaire which consisted of structured questions and responses from the respondents were obtained. <br> The result of this survey showed that, about one third 135 (32.0%) of the respondents were found to be active users of skin bleaching agents, while a minority 52(18.1%) had used skin bleaching agent before. Majority of the respondents 381 (90.3%) were aware of skin bleaching agents where most got their information from friends 240 (56.9%). About one third of the respondents 135 (32.0%) were currently practicing skin bleaching. More than half of the respondents 238(56.4%) are aware of the side effects of skin bleaching with the commonest identified effect being skin discoloration. However about one third 44 (32.6%) of active users have experienced side effects were 56 (26.9) were found to have skin discoloration. <br> Government and related agencies should create awareness through community leaders, religious leaders, youth leaders and other platforms about acceptance and appreciation of once colour and nature. More ever, Agencies like NAFDAC and NDLEA should sanctioned any person found selling bleaching agents.

Tout d’abord,J'aimerais remercier Mon directeur de mémoire professeur kalu wosu qui m'a donné des instructions, des conseils M'a aidé dans ce travail, merci monsieur. Je suis également reconnaissant à Dieu à pour la force et la sagesse du début à la fin de ce mémoire. A Tous Les professeurs du department langue étrangéres et de la littérature: Le chef du department Dr mombe Michael,prof Anthony Njoku, prof Denis p. Ekpo Dr. Nchedo Ugwueze, Dr Dufua sharp Akosubo et Mme chinwe Nzenwa, Dr Barine okoro Diinee, prof Dele Adegboku, Mme Queeneth oguso. Je suis reconnaissant pour votre impact éducatif dans ma vie.Je ne peux pas oublier mes parents, M. et Mme Good Head Iheyinwa Okorie, que Dieu a utilisés pour faire de ce voyage une réalité. Merci pour votre soutien financier, vos encouragements, votre amour, je vous en suis reconnaissante. À mes frères et sœurs, vous êtes les meilleurs. Ma sincère gratitude va également à mon ami Barrister Godswill Chiemela Agbarakwe pour votre amour et votre attention, votre soutien financier, merci beaucoup. A mon oncle et sa famille Monsieur et Madame Camilus Uchechukwu et sa famille merci, à mes autres oncles Monsieur Uche Odibo et Monsieur prince okafor. A mes amis ovo et oreziet Mme Jennifer merci et à tous mes camarades de cours merci à tous

This project aims to investigate the prospects and challenges of African Philosophy within academic institutions. By examining historical contexts, institutional frameworks, and philosophical contributions, this study seeks to highlight the unique value of African philosophy and propose strategies for it as a recognized academic discipline.

The leadership style is the manner of providing direction, implementing strategies and motivating individuals towards the attainment of the desired objectives. Leadership styles are replicated in attitudes and behaviors but these in turn are the outcome of complex interactions between the way individuals think and feel. The researchers highlighted diverse approaches/ styles to leadership that are based on different assumptions and theories. As the time passed, the analysts have worked out to evolve various models, theories and assumptions regarding the leadership styles. The crux of their research was to elaborate the effectiveness of leadership in the re-organization including the establishment of authority, inducing sense of responsibility, streamlining and addressing the employees’ issues in the context of already prevailing situation. Resultantly, among many others, two styles of leadership became much prominent namely transformational and transactional leadership. These two styles have been analyzed in the different socio-economic and academic sectors with their distinct advantages. Presently, these two styles are worked out in the different situation depending upon the nature and context.

The journalism profession has great impact on the individuals and society at large, hence it is expected that its ethical principles be adhered to and practitioners are to be guided by standards of professional practice that is acceptable globally. Today, the reverse seems to be the case as there is much gap between what is expected and what is practiced. It is on this premise that this study undertakes an evaluation of the ethical challenges facing journalism independence in and genuine news report in south-south Nigeria with a focus on three randomly selected states: Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta states. Using the survey research design and the questionnaire as the instrument for collecting data, the study found among 744 journalists that there are discrepancies in the internal and external factors affecting journalism independence in and genuine news report in Nigeria. It also found that managerial incompetence poses a great challenge not just to the performance of journalists based on ethical principles but also on the image of the journalism profession. Hence, the researcher recommends amongst others that expert services should be engaged in the evaluation of the journalism in Nigeria with respect to profession standards of ethics and to ensure that the profession is up to date on regular basis to meet the required standard based on professional best practice.

This study investigates the impact of radio content on community health development, using LASU 95.7 FM as a case study. Community radio has become an increasingly significant medium for health communication and grassroots engagement, particularly in Nigeria. The aim of this research is to evaluate how LASU 95.7 FM’s health programs contribute to improving the health awareness and behavior of its listening communities. The study employed three theories; the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT). A quantitative survey method was used to gather data from community members on their exposure to LASU FM’s health programming and to assess how these programs influenced their understanding of and response to various health issues. The survey explored the types of health topics aired, the frequency of listenership, and the perceived relevance of the content to the community’s specific health challenges. Additionally, the survey examined how radio programming shaped community members' health decisions, including preventive practices and engagement with healthcare services. The results suggest that while LASU 95.7 FM provides useful general health information, its coverage of localized and diverse health issues, such as maternal health, mental health, and chronic diseases, is limited. Respondents indicated a gap between their specific health needs and the station’s programming. Nevertheless, exposure to the station’s content significantly enhanced health knowledge and encouraged positive health behaviors among listeners. The findings demonstrate the potential of community radio to serve as a tool for health development, especially when programs are tailored to reflect the specific needs of local audiences. The study concludes that with improved content diversity and increased community participation, community radio stations like LASU 95.7 FM can be instrumental in promoting health education and behavior change. The results have implications for media policy, public health communication strategies, and the role of community radio in advancing health development in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br> This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between dietary supplements and optimum sports performance among s tudents of the University of Benin. To guide the study, six research questions were raised, out of which two were hypothesized and tested at 0.05 level of significance. <br><br><br> The descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of this study was made up of 268 student athletes. The sample size of 137 was selected using the simple random sampling technique to select 50 percent of student athletes from each faculty in the university. The research instrument used for data gathering in the study was a self-structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two other experts in the Department of Human Kinetics and Sports Science. The cronbach alpha statistics was used to establish the reliability of the instrument and the r-value of 0.901 was obtained. Data were analysed using descriptives (frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation). <br><br><br> The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between dietary supplements and optimum sports performance; dietary supplements such as protein supplements, creatine, amino acids, pre-workout and hydration supplements enhance sports performance; majority of the student athletes had a high level of dietary supplements consumption; there was a significant relationship between type of dietary supplements and optimum sports performance; there exist adverse effects of using dietary supplements such as nausea, headaches, and so on; and that the benefits of using dietary supplement to enhance sports performance covers improved endurance and stamina, muscle recovery, strength and power, focus and mental alertness, competitive edge, and so on. It was concluded that that there is a relationship between dietary supplements and optimum sports performance. Consequent upon this, student athletes had a high level of dietary supplement consumption. Also, as there were benefits in using dietary supplements to boost sports performance, so as are adverse effects of using these dietary supplements. It was recommended that student athletes should take advantage of dietary supplements as it help in improving sports performance; there should be moderation in the consumption of these dietary supplements; and that despite their genetic endowment, student athletes must also participate in optimal training to increase physical power, enhance mental strength, and provide a mechanical advantage.