Search NAPiD.

African armyworm Spodoptera exempta infestation poses a major threat to maize production, causing defoliation and disruption of photosynthetic processes. This study investigated the effect of foliar silicon application on photosynthetic pigment accumulation in maize subjected to African armyworm attack. Maize plants were grown under controlled conditions and treated with varying concentrations of silicon before controlled exposure to armyworm larvae. Photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were quantified to assess plant response. Results indicated that armyworm infestation significantly reduced pigment content, reflecting stress-induced damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. However, foliar application of silicon mitigated these effects, enhancing pigment accumulation and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency compared to untreated infested plants. The findings suggest that silicon supplementation can improve maize tolerance to armyworm stress by sustaining pigment levels critical for photosynthesis. This offers a potential eco-friendly strategy for integrated pest management and crop resilience in armyworm-prone regions.

ABSTRACT<br> This project presents the design and construction of a solar-powered refrigeration system tailored for off-grid and weak-grid communities. The system integrates photovoltaic (PV) modules, a charge controller, an energy storage unit, and a high-efficiency DC refrigerator. A comprehensive methodology was adopted: load assessment, PV-array sizing, battery storage sizing, component selection, construction, and testing. Simulations and experimental tests show that the prototype maintains compartment temperatures within 2–8°C while meeting daily energy needs under typical solar conditions in Nigeria. The work demonstrates technical feasibility and provides design guidelines for deployment in rural healthcare and household applications.

This research investigates the relationship between accounting standards and the quality of financial reports in Nigeria, with a specific focus on the transition from Nigerian GAAP to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the emerging sustainability reporting requirements of 2024–2026. In an era of globalized capital markets, the reliability, comparability, and transparency of financial statements are paramount for investor confidence. This study assesses how adherence to the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) guidelines and IFRS impact the qualitative characteristics of financial statements—namely relevance and faithful representation. Using a descriptive and survey-based research design, data was gathered from professional accountants and auditors across selected listed firms in Nigeria. Preliminary findings suggest that while accounting standards have significantly reduced "creative accounting" and information asymmetry, challenges such as high compliance costs and the complexity of fair value measurements persist. The study concludes that the quality of financial reporting in Nigeria is directly proportional to the rigor of regulatory enforcement. It recommends continuous professional development for accountants and the integration of digital auditing tools to enhance the precision of financial disclosures in the Nigerian corporate sector.

Cashless policy is the regulation made by the central bank of Nigeria to simply move from a <br> driving economic development (CBN website 2011).The most outstanding cashless banking <br> Despite the benefits associated with the policy, there have been some constraints and challenges <br> choice than to deal with cash directly. Many are of the opinion that the cash limit set by the <br> pointsof sales terminals, telephone banking and automated teller machine (Odumeru 2013). For <br> clarification purposes the introduction of cashless policy in Nigeria would moderate the cost of <br> associated with travelling around with lots of physical cash.<br> confronting thepolicy, these include: the infrastructures which have not been good enough <br> toward a cashless society. Based on the above, the central bank of Nigeria introduced a policy <br> which stipulates that no individuals and businesses will be allowed to withdraw above Five <br> payments, stimulates and develops the payment system while also curbing the criminality <br> commercial, personal, local and international trade. The policy also aimed at reducing the cost of <br> each management, reduces lending rate, encourage the use of electronic payment, individuals <br> Thestudy will help to analyse the cost and benefits of payment instruments involved in the shift <br> and organizations will convert paper money to bank deposits. It also helps to modernize the <br> system failure are experienced most times at point of transactions leaving individualswith no <br> Hundred Thousand Naira (N500,000) and Three Million Naira (N3,000,000) and any amount <br> non physical cash mode of payments in settlement of all types of transactions including <br> banking services and improving the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and <br> central bank is too low and also query how the bench mark was arrived at.<br> gradual physical movement of payment system with the use of a systematic adoption of other <br> channels over the world are mobile banking, internet banking, electronic card implants, and <br> giving way to ineffectiveness. The technology access for the transaction are not effective as <br> that exceeds the stipulated limit attracts a cash handling charge of 3% for individuals and 5% for

ABSTRACT<br> A precise and timely knowledge of energy consumption is an essential requirement for enforcing any energy saving strategy. Measuring energy consumption in the building is the basic functionality of energy building management systems. The monitoring of energy consumption in buildings indirectly provides information about the user habits, kind of activities carried on by the inhabitants, prediction of the future energy consumption in building and many other proposes. This issue can be addressed during the design phase of a monitoring system. The study presents the design and implementation of a real-time energy meter incorporated with a power analyzer. The real-time power analyzer is a device designed to monitor electrical parameters (voltage, current, power, power factor, frequency, and energy) using an ESP32 microcontroller, a PZEM-004T module with a current transformer (CT), and other components. The data is displayed locally on a round TFT display, sent to a Firebase Realtime Database every 3 seconds, and logged every 10 minutes for analysis. A web page retrieves and displays the data in real time, enabling daily consumption analysis and comparison across days

This project reviews the conformability of uninterrupted power supply through the use of power inverter; However, inverter is of different categories base on power rating such as 1KVA, 1.5KVA, 5KVA etc. Moreover, since the invention of inverter, some problem associated with alternative power supply had been drastically reduced. Meanwhile, the problems such as: noise, production of fumes cost of procurement of oil, fuel and maintenance of plant is over.

ABSTRACT The study sought to examine issues on social and educational impact of sexual violence against school- aged children in Owerri Municipal Area, Imo State. Descriptive survey design method was adopted and structured questionnaire was used to elicit data from the respondents. Four research questions guided the study. The population of 25380 students in ten (10) government owned secondary schools in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. The sample for this study comprised of 338 students carefully selected from six (6) out of 10 secondary schools in Owerri Municipal Council Area of Imo State. Data collected were analyzed using mean. The result showed that respondents accepted that Sexual violence poses serious consequences on academic performance of school age children in Owerri Municipal Council area. The findings also revealed that despites the consequences associated with sexual violence; there are still possible measures that could be adopted to minimize the rate of sexual violence on academic performance of school age children in Owerri Municipal Council areas. Based on the findings, the findings concluded with the following recommendations that there is need to educate girls about sexuality, human rights and necessary actions to take when harassed sexually. Also, valid training through sex education mechanism right from primary school will go a long way in empowering girls to handle sexual harassment later in life.

ABSTRACT <br> <br> This study investigates the influence of environmental factors on the academic performance of Senior Secondary School students (SS1–SS3), aged 15–18, enrolled in Civic Education across public and private schools in Lagos State during the 2024/2025 academic year. Using stratified random sampling, the research involved 100 senior secondary school students and 10 Civic Education teachers, ensuring a balanced representation across the state's educational districts. Environmental factors were examined across three domains: physical (e.g., classroom infrastructure, learning materials), social (e.g., peer interaction, teacher-student ratio), and contextual (e.g., school location, ambient noise). A descriptive survey design guided data collection through structured questionnaires administered to both students and teachers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency distributions and correlation analysis, while qualitative responses from open-ended questions provided additional insight. Findings indicate a significant negative correlation between poor environmental conditions, such as overcrowded classrooms and inadequate learning resources, and students’ academic performance in Civic Education. Qualitative feedback from teachers emphasized that persistent noise, poor infrastructure, and limited facilities disrupt teaching and can reduce student engagement. <br> The study concludes that improving school environments is essential for enhancing Civic Education outcomes. It recommends that government efforts focus on addressing infrastructural deficits, ensuring equitable resource allocation, and creating supportive learning conditions. These recommendations hold potential relevance for similar educational settings in other developing regions.