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Abstract<br><br> <br><br> SYNOPSIS Title: How Kaduna Polytechnic promotes cultural diversity refers to the existence of diverse cultural identities, values, beliefs, customs, languages, and practices within a community, organization, or society. It encompasses the differences and similarities among people from various cultural backgrounds. Cultural diversity in Kaduna Polytechnic is something to look at, because of how helpful it has been in promoting cultures in Kaduna Polytechnic. This abstract provides an overview of how Kaduna Polytechnic promotes cultural diversity in the institution and Nigeria, Highlighting it's key effects such as promoting academic performance, conflicts resolutions as well as communal Living. Brief overview of Kaduna Polytechnic history and commitment to cultural diversity Host introduction and explanation of the documentary's focuses - Interviews with students and staff involved in cultural programs - Discussions on how these programs foster cross-cultural understanding and friendships - Showcase of Kaduna polytechnic various cultural events, festivals, and performances - Interviews with Tribal chiefs on campus - Discussions on challenges faced by international students and staff - Exploration of opportunities for growth and improvement Conclusion - Recap of Kaduna Polytechnic's commitment to cultural diversity - Final thoughts from the host and guests The Methodology employed is interview which is qualitative means of gathering data.

Effective solid waste management is crucial for public health and environmental sustainability, yet rural and urban areas of Kwara State continue to struggle with inefficient and inconsistent waste disposal practices. This study therefore comparatively examined waste management practices in rural and urban areas of Kwara State so as to provide data-driven solutions to bridge the rural-urban divide and create a more sustainable waste management system.<br><br><br><br> This study was a descriptive survey of mixed research type. The population for this study comprised all residents in rural and urban areas of Kwara State. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) residents comprising 153 from the rural areas and 231 from the urban areas of Kwara State were sampled for this study using simple sampling procedures. A researcher’s designed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.69 was used for data collection while the data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean to answer research questions and inferential statistics of independent t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for testing of hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level while in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed using Nvivo version 4.0 software for the qualitative analysis.<br><br><br><br> The findings from this study revealed significant insights into solid waste management practices in rural and urban areas of Kwara State. Waste collection frequency was lower in rural areas compared to urban areas, with open dumping and burning being the primary disposal methods in rural communities. Despite differences in disposal methods, residents in both rural and urban areas faced similar challenges and barriers to effective waste management. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences in waste management practices based on age and gender among residents in both rural and urban areas. Additionally, while differences existed in waste disposal approaches between rural and urban residents, there were no statistically significant variations in their overall waste management behaviors. <br><br><br><br> It was therefore concluded that waste management practices in Kwara State vary between rural and urban areas, with urban residents benefiting from more frequent waste collection services, while rural dwellers rely heavily on open dumping and burning. Despite these differences in disposal methods, both rural and urban residents face similar challenges and barriers to effective waste management, such as inadequate waste collection infrastructure, limited awareness, and financial constraints. It was thus recommended among others that government and relevant agencies should fund and increase the frequency of waste collection in rural areas to match the efficiency observed in urban centers; there should be public awareness campaigns to improve waste management practices while recycling facilities should be placed in all communities regardless of rural-urban locations.

This study evaluates the efficiency of the urban transportation system in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria, focusing on transport modes, infrastructure, and public transport reliability. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, data was gathered through surveys, interviews, and field observations. The findings reveal that motorcycles are the dominant transport mode due to affordability and accessibility, while public transport remains highly unreliable. The study highlights poor road infrastructure, inadequate government regulation, and increasing congestion as major challenges.To improve urban mobility, the study recommends road infrastructure expansion, better traffic management, and enhanced public transport services. These interventions will promote a more efficient, safe, and sustainable transportation system in Jos North.Keywords: Urban Transportation, Public Transport, Infrastructure, Mobility, Jos North.

Abstract<br> <br> SYNOPSIS Title: How Kaduna Polytechnic promotes cultural diversity refers to the existence of diverse cultural identities, values, beliefs, customs, languages, and practices within a community, organization, or society. It encompasses the differences and similarities among people from various cultural backgrounds. Cultural diversity in Kaduna Polytechnic is something to look at, because of how helpful it has been in promoting cultures in Kaduna Polytechnic. This abstract provides an overview of how Kaduna Polytechnic promotes cultural diversity in the institution and Nigeria, Highlighting it's key effects such as promoting academic performance, conflicts resolutions as well as communal Living. Brief overview of Kaduna Polytechnic history and commitment to cultural diversity Host introduction and explanation of the documentary's focuses - Interviews with students and staff involved in cultural programs - Discussions on how these programs foster cross-cultural understanding and friendships - Showcase of Kaduna polytechnic various cultural events, festivals, and performances - Interviews with Tribal chiefs on campus - Discussions on challenges faced by international students and staff - Exploration of opportunities for growth and improvement Conclusion - Recap of Kaduna Polytechnic's commitment to cultural diversity - Final thoughts from the host and guests The Methodology employed is interview which is qualitative means of gathering data.

Abstract<br> <br> SYNOPSIS Title: How Kaduna Polytechnic promotes cultural diversity refers to the existence of diverse cultural identities, values, beliefs, customs, languages, and practices within a community, organization, or society. It encompasses the differences and similarities among people from various cultural backgrounds. Cultural diversity in Kaduna Polytechnic is something to look at, because of how helpful it has been in promoting cultures in Kaduna Polytechnic. This abstract provides an overview of how Kaduna Polytechnic promotes cultural diversity in the institution and Nigeria, Highlighting it's key effects such as promoting academic performance, conflicts resolutions as well as communal Living. Brief overview of Kaduna Polytechnic history and commitment to cultural diversity Host introduction and explanation of the documentary's focuses - Interviews with students and staff involved in cultural programs - Discussions on how these programs foster cross-cultural understanding and friendships - Showcase of Kaduna polytechnic various cultural events, festivals, and performances - Interviews with Tribal chiefs on campus - Discussions on challenges faced by international students and staff - Exploration of opportunities for growth and improvement Conclusion - Recap of Kaduna Polytechnic's commitment to cultural diversity - Final thoughts from the host and guests The Methodology employed is interview which is qualitative means of gathering data.

This study focuses on the incorporation of waste and/or by-product materials (Sawdust ash) in the construction industry such as the production of hot asphalt concrete mixture to provide valuable advantages from the environmental and economic perspective. Accordingly, the mixture of the biomasses was used as a replacement for the conventional mineral filler in hot asphalt mixture in 5%, 10%,15%, 20% and 25% The mechanical properties were assessed by conducting a Marshal stability test. The Marshall test showed an increase in stability from 7.1 at 5%(control) to 9.4 at 10% which meets the standard requirement for stability of the FMW while the flow results decreased from 3.1 at 5%(control) to 3.0 at 10% indicating that reduction in flow means an increase in the elasticity of the asphalt wearing course. Tests on aggregate and bitumen were carried out which included aggregate crushing value, aggregate impact value, elongation, flakiness, specific gravity, Los Angeles abrasion test, penetration test, extraction, compaction and extrusion, and marshal stability and flow test at 5% and 10% met the requirement of the FMW. While the 15%,20%, and 25% didn’t meet the requirement of the FMW. The experimental results have shown a significant improvement in the mechanical properties and a substantial upgrade in durability of the production mixtures with Sawdust Ash of 5% and 10% in comparison with the control mixture at 5% and as a result, the mixing of the waste materials can be incorporated in place of the conventional mineral filler in Asphalt mixture particularly in places where the wastes are abundant.

This study investigated the Teachers’ Knowledge of and Strategies for Addressing Childhood Trauma among primary school pupils in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State. Descriptive survey design research was employed in the study. The population of the study was all. 200 respondents which consisted of 55 were male, while 145 were female across local government were selected through the simple random sampling technique. Two research questions were raised and answered while four null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 significance level. Data for the study were collected through a questionnaire titled “Teachers’ knowledge of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (TKCTQ) and Strategies to Addressing Childhood Trauma of Pupils.” The data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency, Mean and Standard Deviation, Inferential Statistics of t-test, Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significance, while inferential statistics (ANOVA) were employed to test the hypotheses.<br> Findings revealed that teachers possessed a high level of knowledge regarding the causes, signs, and impact of childhood trauma. However, while many teachers demonstrated a strong theoretical understanding, the practical implementation of trauma-informed teaching strategies varied significantly. Teachers predominantly used classroom-based interventions such as creating safe and supportive environments, maintaining positive teacher-student relationships, and integrating social-emotional learning. Collaboration with school counselors and referral to mental health professionals was less consistently practiced due to institutional and resource constraints. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences in trauma understanding based on gender or work experience, although there were differences in strategy application across these variables. The study concluded that while teachers are generally aware of childhood trauma, gaps remain in practical implementation and institutional support. It recommended enhanced professional development, policy support, and improved access to mental health resources to strengthen trauma-informed educational practices and ensure better outcomes for trauma-affected pupils.

The Study Investigated Labour Law Reforms and Industrial Dispute Resolution in Nigeria: A <br> Comparative Analysis of Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) and Trade Union Congress of Nigeria <br> (TUC). trade unions have become important agents of socio-economic transformation and class <br> struggle always representing the working-class interests against capitalist exploitations. In the <br> contemporary times however, especially in the developing countries, trade unionism has become <br> an indispensable tool in ensuring and guaranteeing industrial harmony between the employer and <br> employee. It is a well-known fact that trade unions all over the world emerged to improve the living <br> and working conditions of workers. Few theories relating to this research were employed; Unitary <br> Theory, Pluralistic Perspective, Marxist Perspective, The Classical Model, Conflict Theory. <br> Quantitative research design, specifically a correlational design was used. Primary data were <br> collected from 154 selected staff and union members, comprising the management, middle and <br> lower cadre in the selected organisations., through questionnaire administration. The data were <br> analyzed by using Spearman correlation and step-wise regression tools in Statistical Product and <br> Service Solutions (version 20). The findings suggest that there is significant relationship between <br> overall effectiveness of industrial dispute resolution mechanisms and government policies on <br> labour relations. This study recommends that Unions should be equipped with more resources, <br> legal backing, and training to enhance their negotiation capabilities and ensure they contribute <br> positively to industrial harmony.