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ABSTRACT <br> <br> <br> This study investigates the Role of Media Advocacy in the Development of Education, focusing on Universal Basic Education (UBE) programs. The research examines how media platforms contribute to creating awareness, influencing public opinion, and mobilizing support for the implementation and success of basic education initiatives. A survey research design was employed to gather primary data from respondents who are direct beneficiaries, stakeholders, and implementers of UBE programs. The population of the study comprised a large number of stakeholders in the education sector, from which a sample size of 370 was determined using the Taro Yamane formula for sample size calculation. A structured questionnaire served as the primary instrument for data collection, ensuring the capture of diverse views on media effectiveness in promoting educational development. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and percentages. Findings from the study revealed that media advocacy significantly impacts public awareness and participation in Universal Basic Education programs. The study also established that consistent and strategic media campaigns have a positive influence on community engagement and government commitment toward educational reforms. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhanced collaboration between education policymakers and media organizations to sustain and strengthen advocacy efforts for the overall development of basic education in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT<br> This study is concerned with the effects of foreign aids on National Development. (A case study of foreign health aids to Nigeria from (1999-2003). The topic attempt to examine the effect of health aids in Nigeria economy from 1999-2003. The world health organization is a specialized agency of the united nations (un) that acts as the coordinating authority on international public health. They also control outbreak of infections, diseases, influenza HIV/AIDS. They also sponsor programmes to prevent and treat such diseases. Questionnaire were distributed among the staff of world health organization (who) at Yusur nations street off Yakubu Gowon way Asokoro, Abuja in finding out what they think about health aids received by Nigeria from developed countries using table of frequency and percentage in collecting the data. Collected data were analyzed and discussed in the fourth chapter. Percentage techniques were employed in the analysis based on the analysis major findings were made which formed the bedrock of some recommendation made by the researcher the findings that developed countries attach strings to the aids they give to developing nations. The world health organization has helped towards reducing the rate of malaria through the provision of mosquito nets and polio in Nigeria. Also executors of projects should not embezzle money allocated for health aids but should use the money judiciously.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, with oxidative stress being a key factor in its initiation and progression. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of Detarium microcarpum zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on oxidative stress biomarkers in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each: normal control, DMBA control, DMBA + standard treatment, DMBA + ZnO-NPs, and DMBA + D. microcarpum ZnO-NPs. Breast cancer was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of DMBA, followed by treatment administration for 28 days. Biochemical parameters assessed included malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH). The DMBA control group showed significant elevation of MDA and NO levels with a marked decline in antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the normal control. Treatment with ZnO-NPs reduced oxidative stress by lowering MDA and NO levels and improved antioxidant enzyme activities. However, treatment with D. microcarpum ZnO-NPs produced more pronounced effects, resulting in greater reductions in oxidative stress markers and stronger restoration of antioxidant defenses. The enhanced activity of D. microcarpum ZnO-NPs may be attributed to phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolics, which synergize with ZnO to exert protective effects. The findings suggest that D. microcarpum ZnO-NPs are a promising natural therapeutic option for managing oxidative stress in breast cancer. Further studies are recommended to optimize dosage, assess long-term safety, and evaluate clinical applicability.

This project investigates the use of Coclastrella sp. nanoparticles for breaking down<br> polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Textetile wastewater. By hamessing these algae-<br> driven nanoparticles, the study aims to support sustainable environmental practices by enhancing<br> PAH degradation and contributing to the efficient treatment of Textile waste discharge.<br> The use of both algal biomass and silver nanoparticle provides a sustainable solution for<br> reducing: PAHs in textile effluent. The methods involves, sampling waste water from textile<br> industries and subjecting it to treatment with algae biomass Coelasterila sp. and its synthesized<br> silver nanoparticle. Algae Biomass was cultivated, harvested and dried. Silver nanoparticles were:<br> also synthesized by reducing silver nitrate using algal extract, afterwards, characterization was<br> done using UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and TEM.<br> PAH evaluation was used to mensure the reduction of PAHs in the textile effluent,<br> particularly for compound like Pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene, acenapthaene ete.<br> The results shows that there was a significant reduction of PAH present in the textile effluent.<br> The algal biomass which contains of live biomass and dried biomass achieved a efficiency<br> removal of 60% While the silver nanoparticles achieved and efficiency of 80%the algae biomass<br> proved to be the most efficient<br> This work highlights the eco-friendly and sustainable potential of combining algae

ABSTRACT<br> <br> Waste(alsoknownasrubbish,trash,refuse,garbageorjunk)isunwantedoruselessmaterials.Wasteisdirectlylinkedtohumandevelopment,bothtechnologicallyandsocially.Somecomponentsofwastehaveeconomicalvalueandcanberecycledoncecorrectlyrecovered.Wasteissometimesasubjectiveconcept,becauseitemsthatsomepeoplediscardmayhavevaluetoothers.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatwastematerialsareavaluableresource.Wastecanbedefinedasanymaterialflowpatternthatisrejectedbythesociety.Wasteaccordingtotheirstatecanbeeithersolidorliquid.Industrialordomestichumanactivitiesgenerateswaste,whichifnotproperlydisposedcanthreatentheenvironmentandhealthofpeoplelivingaroundit.Solidwastemanagementhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingenvironmentalchallengesfacedbydevelopingnations.Theincreasingrateofurbanization,populationgrowth,andchangingconsumptionpatternshaveledtoarapidriseinthegenerationofmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)incitiesandinstitutionsalike(Ogwueleka,2009).Educationalinstitutions,includinguniversitiesandpolytechnics,aremajorcontributorstoMSWduetothevolumeofdailyactivitiesinvolvingstaff,students,andvisitors.Ifnotproperlymanaged,thiswastecanleadtoseverehealthandenvironmentalconsequences.<br> Keywords:populationgrowth,municipalsolidwaste(MSW),economicalvalue,domestichumanactivitiesgeneratewaste,

Diarrhea Represents a disorder of the gastro-intenstinal transit which is characterized by a frequency of evacuation more than three times a day, stools of abnormal appearance, soft even liquid and volume unusually very high. Treatment of Diarrhea is gaining more research attentions due to the side effects associated with anti-diarrhea drugs like nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, constipation and so on. A total of forty-five (fifteen used for each of enteropooling, intestinal transit and diarrheal stool experiments) albino rats of both sexes weighing between 150-180 g were obtained from calbiotech Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria and kept in plastic cages placed in well ventilated house condition, at room temperature, photoperiod of 12 hours natural light and 12 hours dark and humidity 45-50% at the Animal House of fulcrum biochemistry lab Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for two weeks to acclimatize them prior to commencement of treatments. They were given food and water ad libitum. The cleaning of the cages was done daily. The research conformed strictly to the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care (NIH, 1996). The research protocols were approved by the Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Biochemistry Unit), Kwara State Polytechnic, Kwara State in 2024. Diarrhea was induced in the rats using the method described by Gerald et al. (2007). The animals were fasted for 18 hours but were allowed free access to water. Groups I, II and III were orally administered 1 ml of distilled water, DMSO and loperamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight) respectively. Groups IV, and V were orally administered cassava powder solution at same dose of 1ml/kg body weight respectively. After 30 minutes of treatment with drug and extract, each animal in all groups (except the normal control group) was orally administered 1 ml of castor oil. The time between oil administration and appearance of the first diarrhea drops was noted. Observations for determining the severity of diarrhea were assessed for a period of 6 hours by monitoring the diarrhea drops. The total number of faeces, diarrhea faeces and the total weight of faeces excreted were expressed as an average and compared with those of the control groups. The percentage inhibition of diarrhea defaecation in each group was also calculated using the formula. Effect of aqueous suspension of garri powder on castor-oil induced enteropooling in rats. The higher the volume of intestinal fluid (ml) the higher the diarrhea, the lower the volume of intestinal fluid (ml) the lower the diarrhea. From the result garri has the lowest volume of intestinal fluid which indicate that garri is more effective than loperamide. It can therefore be concluded that the aqueous suspension of cassava powder contains anti-diarrhea potentials that can be explored in the development of a viable anti- diarrhea drug. This substantiates the use of the cassava powder as an anti-diarrhea agent by Traditional medical practitioners. Furthermore, these positive effects of cassava powder shows that it may be an alternative in the treatment of diarrhea because it exerts effects similar to those of loperamide.

Abstract<br> This study examines the impact of pension schemes and gratuity on retirees' financial security and satisfaction in Oyo State, Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, 150 retirees managed by the Oyo State Pension Board participated in the study. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires, while qualitative data were gathered through interviews with pension officials and retirees. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic analysis were employed to analyze the data.<br> The findings reveal that pension and gratuity significantly influence retirees' financial security and satisfaction. However, challenges such as delayed payments and inadequate funding persist. The study recommends policy reforms, improved administration, and increased pension and gratuity amounts to address these challenges.<br> This research contributes to the understanding of pension schemes and gratuity in Nigeria, highlighting areas for improvement to enhance retirees' financial security and satisfaction.<br> Keywords: Financial security, gratuity, Nigeria, Pension schemes, retirees, satisfaction.

This study explores the Impact of Oil Price Volatility (OPV) on the Nigerian economy, with a primary focus on its impact on government revenue, foreign exchange rates, investment, economic growth, and overall stability. The objective is to shed light on the complex relationship between OPV and Nigeria's economic performance. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze historical data, revealing significant insights into OPV's patterns and characteristics in Nigeria. The study emphasizes key statistical measures such as skewness, kurtosis, and normality tests to assess the distribution of OPV. The analysis reveals that OPV is a pervasive factor in the Nigerian economy, with an average volatility level of approximately 17.08. The data suggests that Nigeria experiences occasional spikes in volatility, which can disrupt economic planning. Additionally, the study highlights the potential impacts of OPV on government revenue, foreign exchange rates, investment, economic growth, budget planning, inflation, and unemployment rates. To mitigate the adverse effects of OPV, policymakers are urged to reduce Nigeria's dependency on oil by diversifying the economy, establishing a sovereign wealth fund, and developing robust risk management strategies. Furthermore, investments in infrastructure, fiscal discipline, promotion of economic diversification, and creating a stable investment climate are essential steps to reduce vulnerability to OPV. Public education about the importance of economic diversification and social safety nets to protect vulnerable populations are also emphasized as crucial components of a comprehensive strategy. In conclusion, this study underscores the need for proactive policy measures to navigate the challenges posed by OPV and facilitate Nigeria's transition to a more stable and diversified economic future.