Search NAPiD.

ABSTRACT<br> This research focused on the influence of inoculum type on biogas yield of paper waste using cow dung and rumen fluid as inoculums. Using 100 mL serum bottles as bioreactors, the experiment tested different proportions of substrate and inoculums (rumen fluid or cow dung) over a retention time of 30 days, and biogas production was measured using downward displacement method. From the results, rumen fluid inoculum achieved a slightly higher maximum daily biogas yield compared to cow dung; however, the difference was not significant (p>0.050). The highest cumulative biogas yield was observed in rumen contents reactor (894 mL gVS-) and was two times higher than the yield in cow dung reactor (444 mL gVS-') while the control had the lowest cumulative biogas yield of (159 mL gVS-'). The microbial load and population associated with the substrate and inoculums revealed higher bacterial concentration in cow dung and rumen fluid compared to paper waste. The microbial groups isolated and identified from substrate and inoculums were; Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Proteus sp. and Serratia marcescens.<br> Mono-digestion of paper waste with rumen fluid inoculum resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher biogas yield compared to cow dung inoculum. Mono digestion of paper<br> waste with rumen<br> fluid can be a viable option for managing these waste stream.<br> Additionally, using<br> appropriate inoculum (rumen fluid) biogas production can be<br> enhanced during anaerobic digestion of paper waste.

ABSTRACT <br> Investigating How Students at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa Are Aware of the Privacy Implications and Risks Involved in Posting Personal Photos on Facebook This study investigates the level of awareness among students of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa regarding the privacy implications and associated risks of posting personal photographs on Facebook. The key objectives were to assess students’ awareness of Facebook privacy risks, examine their knowledge of privacy settings, understand their motivations for sharing personal photos, and evaluate their willingness to adopt safer online practices. The theoretical framework for this study is grounded in the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory, which explain how individual awareness, perceived control, and attitudes influence behavior related to online privacy. A quantitative research methodology was employed. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to a sample of 365 students across various departments and levels. The data were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and interpretive discussion. the findings revealed that although a large proportion of students are active Facebook users and aware of some privacy risks (e.g., strangers accessing photos or cybercriminal misuse), many lack detailed knowledge of Facebook’s privacy settings. Less than half of the students have ever reviewed their settings, and over 50% consider themselves not knowledgeable about how privacy controls work. Nonetheless, the study found strong interest among students in learning more about online safety, with the majority supporting the introduction of formal digital literacy or social media privacy training by the institution. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa introduce digital privacy training, awareness campaigns, and regular workshops on social media safety. These initiatives would equip students with practical skills and knowledge needed to navigate social platforms like Facebook more securely.

This study investigates the impact of liquidity management on the performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Using key liquidity indicators such as the liquidity ratio, loan-to-deposit ratio, and cash reserve ratio, the study assesses how liquidity levels influence profitability measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Secondary data were obtained from annual reports of selected banks and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The findings reveal that effective liquidity management significantly enhances bank performance by ensuring stability, meeting withdrawal demands, and supporting credit creation. Poor liquidity management was found to increase insolvency risks and negatively affect profitability. The study concludes that maintaining optimal liquidity levels is crucial for the operational efficiency and long-term sustainability of Nigerian banks.

ABSTRACT<br> The study examined the role of broadcast media political programmes in enhancing women political participation during the 2023 general elections in Nasarawa State. The objectives of this study are; assess the Content and Reach of NBS Political Programs: Evaluate the nature and accessibility of political programs aired by NBS during the 2023 general elections, determine the Impact on Women's Political Awareness: Investigate how these programs have influenced women's understanding of political processes and their rights, evaluate Changes in Political Participation: Analyze any shifts in women's political activities, such as voter turnout and candidacy, attributable to NBS's programming and identify Challenges and Opportunities: Explore obstacles faced by NBS in promoting women's political participation and potential strategies for improvement. The research method that was adopted for this study is the survey method. Data instrument used was questionnaire. The population of the study was one-hundred (100). The researcher sampled sixty (60) respondents for the purpose of this study. The study findings showed that NBS’s political programming contributed to an increased level of political awareness and knowledge among women in Nasarawa State. The study concluded that NBS reach among women in Nasarawa State, the available data suggests that while NBS had a broad audience, cultural and socio-economic factors influenced women's engagement with these programs. Based on the findings the following recommendations were made; Expand Outreach and Accessibility: NBS should develop more radio-based programs since radio is widely accessible, even in rural areas, ensuring that women with limited access to television can still engage with political content, Increase Women-Centered Programming: The station should introduce programs specifically designed to educate and empower women politically, including discussions led by female political figures and analysts etc.

ABSTRACT<br><br> The development of human health care has advanced in the use of metal nanoparticles as anti-due to its consistency in antiseptic action. This study was carried out by; extraction of crude extract from Jatropha tanjorensis using methanol, phytochemical screening of the crude methanol extract, partitioning of crude extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, green synthesis of cobalt (ii) oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs) and its anti-microbial application using different strains of pathogenic . The qualitative phytochemical screening of the crude methanol extract revealed the presences of secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and quinones.The synthesized cobalt (ii) oxide NPs was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), zetasizer, ultra-violet visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The SEM analysis on the nanoparticle filtrate showed that the particles have uniform cuboid shape, UV-visible analysis on the nanoparticle filtrate showed an absorption band at 216nm, zetasizer analysis on the nanoparticle indicated that the average size of the particles was 89.40nm. The cobalt (ii) oxide NPs manifested a significant anti-microbial activity both on gram +ve and gram –ve Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition of 17nm and Klebsilia Pneumonia with zone of inhibition of 18nm with minimum inhibitory concentration of 10% on Staphylococcus aureus and 20% each on Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhea, and Candida albican .Further investigation should be carried out on the anti-microbial potency of cobalt (ii) oxide NPs with other micro-organisms not used in this study and also further characterization should be carried out on the Cobalt oxide NPs.

Plagiarism Test Theory explains the principles, methods, and tools used to detect similarities, copied materials, and unethical writing practices in academic work. This theory focuses on evaluating originality by comparing submitted texts with existing publications, online sources, and institutional repositories. It also examines the accuracy, limitations, and reliability of plagiarism detection systems. The aim is to ensure academic integrity, promote ethical scholarship, and help writers learn proper citation and paraphrasing skills.

Determining the true size and shape of the earth has intrigued humans for centuries. Today, the importance of measuring and monitoring our environment is becoming increasingly critical as the population expands, value of land appreciate, natural resources dwindle and human continues to stress the quality of land, water and air. This project report focuses on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for Cadastral layout purposes.UAVs, also known as drones, have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their ability to capture high-resolution imagery and generate accurate maps. The objective of this project was to explore the potential applications and benefits of UAV-based digital mapping. The report delves into the various aspects involved in the process, including data acquisition, processing, and analysis. To collect the required data, a camera-equipped UAV was used to capture aerial images of the target area. These images were later processed using remote sensing techniques to create orthophotos. The software used for processing and analysis are Agisoft and ArcMap. The generated maps provided detailed and up-to-date information about the target area. This information can be utilized in various applications such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and disaster management. Overall, this project report aims to identify and analyse the results obtained using ground survey method, space and aerial survey method (UAV) for Cadastral layout.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigated the impact of social media on dressing patterns of female undergraduate students at the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire comprising a 4-point scale was the instrument used for data collection. The population female undergraduates were the study population. Sample size of 300 female undergraduate students was randomly selected for the study using Multi-stage and simple random sampling but only 280 subjects filled and returned their questionnaires. The data collected were statistically analysed using simple percentages. The findings of the study among others revealed that the female undergraduate students dressing patterns are greatly influenced by imitation of celebrities, western dress styles, peer influence, mass media and fashion in vogue. The findings of the study also showed, among others, that female students were exposed to rape/sexual harassments; the image of such students/family were perceived as tarnished; they are also addressed as prostitutes and they are related with poor academic performance. The study recommends, among others, that parents, school authorities, lecturers, media houses, etc, should make both individual and joint effort to curb indecent dressing in the institutions of higher learning in Nigeria.