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ABSTRACT<br> <br> Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental contaminant and a potent toxicant with no known physiological role. Prolonged exposure to lead has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, which contribute to cardiovascular disorders. This study investigated the cardioprotective influence of Simply Precious Immune Booster (SPIB) in male Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate. Thirty rats weighing between 135–155 g were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group A received distilled water (control), Group B received SPIB (250 mg/kg b.wt), Group C received lead acetate (20 mg/kg b.wt), and Group D received both lead acetate and SPIB at the same doses. Treatments were administered orally for 28 consecutive days. Phytochemical analysis of SPIB revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, and phytic acid, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute toxicity testing showed no mortality up to 5000 mg/kg, indicating a high safety margin. Biochemical results showed that lead exposure significantly increased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL while decreasing HDL (p < 0.05). Co-treatment with SPIB markedly restored these lipid indices toward normal values. Histological examination of cardiac tissue revealed myocardial degeneration in lead-treated rats, whereas SPIB administration preserved normal cardiac structure with minimal cellular disruption.

Lead exposure is associated with oxidative damage and disturbances in cardiac function, mainly through its effects on essential protective enzymes within the heart. This study examined the possible protective influence of Spondias pinnata extract (SPIB) on the heart tissues of male Wistar rats exposed to lead. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extract contains several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, amino acids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and phytic acid. Acute toxicity evaluation, carried out according to OECD guideline 425, indicated no visible signs of toxicity and no mortality at doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight, suggesting the extract is relatively safe for use.<br><br> <br><br> Cardiac enzyme activities were assessed spectrophotometrically and expressed in U/L, while histological examination of heart tissues was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, and differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.<br><br> <br><br> Lead exposure resulted in altered enzyme activities and noticeable damage to the cardiac tissues. However, administration of SPIB helped to reverse these changes, leading to improvement in enzyme profiles and better preservation of myocardial structure. These findings indicate that SPIB may possess cardioprotective properties, possibly linked to the antioxidant nature of its phytochemical components. The extract may therefore serve as a useful natural intervention against lead-induced heart injury.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br> Nauclea Latifolia are highly valued content of some part of Kaduna south, Nigerian which are mostly used as food and medicine in some areas due to their nutritional and medicinal value. This study identified the various chemical compounds present in the leaves extract of Nauclea Latifolia found in Kaduna state region and also evaluated its antibacterial active agent (compound) for the possibility of using them in the development of new antibiotics to reduce cost of health care and mortality rate due to resistance of bacteria to already developed drugs. The Nauclea Latifolia leaves was found to have a percentage moisture content of 73.28 %. Cool extraction method was adopted to extract the leaves of the Nauclea Latifolia using ethanol and also standard methods were used to assess the antibacterial activity of the extracts. The mass of the extract obtained from solvent extraction of Nauclea Latifolia leaves was 6.32 g with a percentage yield of 14.48 %. The result of the extraction revealed that Nauclea Latifolia leaves consists of polar compounds. The phytochemical screening of the leaves extracts revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, protein, phenols, carbohydtaes and anthraquinones while alkaloids were not detected. The results of the antibacterial studies revealed that the fractions has activity on the selected bacteria strain (S. aureus, E. coli ,Salmonella and B.subtilis) with zone of inhibition that ranges between 1-20 mm. This results shows that the leaves of Nauclea Latifolia has a potential for the development of new antibiotic drugs.

ABSTRACT<br><br> <br><br> This study explores the anti fungal efficacy of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) through a comprehensive evaluation. The research aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying LAB's anti fungal activity, shedding light on its potential applications in food preservation and health.Fungal strains Fusarium spp, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton tonsurans were used for the purpose of this study. Millet slurry was also used as a source of LAB for the purpose of this study. LAB was isolated from millet slurry using MRS Agar and an anaerobic jar. Gram staining, Biochemical characterization(Indole test, Methyl red test, Catalase test, Sugar fermentation test; Sucrose and Lactose tests.) and antibiotic susceptibility were done on the isolates of LAB. Molecular analyses was also done to identify the isolates of LAB. After identification of LAB, LAB was then challenged with selected anti fungal strains(Fusarium spp, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton tonsurans ).Results indicate promising anti fungal properties, suggesting the viability of LAB as a natural and sustainable alternative in combating fungal infections.

Music is an ancient art form in Nigeria and across the world generally, from the remote ages to the modern age we are in presently and it has greatly flourished. This study examines the process of actualization of this performance via directorial creativity for the purpose of achieving a smooth and enjoyable production of the Peking Opera Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy which I will be giving the acronym (TTMBS) for easy writing and reading experience. This study will be exposing its readers to the importance of music as an accompaniment in any performance especially in an opera theatre performance, the study is also meant to serve as a reminder for every theatre practitioner and the general public as a whole.<br> <br> This work will be approached through the participant observation method which gives room for the researcher to be able to experience gained from his general involvement in the performance, and also the analytical method in which we would be examining the multi genres of music that were used in the actualization of this western opera by the musicologist through adaptation.<br> <br> From the discoveries in this study, it is evident that more attention needs to be given to the use of music as an accompaniment in any theatrical performance most especially in an operatic performance, it importance, inseparability and essentiality to making any theatre performance lively and clear to the audience because it is the soul of any performance in which other elements in theatre like drama and dance rests on for easy implementation.<br> <br> This study concludes that Asian and African music genres are very important in the music world as we see a conglomeration of the Asian cultural elements with actors with African indigenes. Musicologists should also be aware that these different genres play a very important role in the use of music as an accompaniment in any theatre performance and in an operatic performance in particular. We recommend various theatre practitioners to do more research on different genres of music both old and the new ones as they are very instrumental to our musicianship and should also take every elements or aspects of the theatre very serious, so as to achieve success in any theatre production.

This study delves into the impact of entrepreneurship education on the financial stability of students at Adeyemi Federal University of Education in Ondo State. The research aims to examine the extent to which entrepreneurial education influences students' financial stability, with a specific emphasis on understanding the perceptions of male and female students. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the level of exposure students have to entrepreneurial education and its connection to achieving financial stability. Furthermore, the research endeavors to identify and analyze the challenges faced by students in the realm of entrepreneurship education at AFUED, contributing valuable insights that can inform improvements in the university's entrepreneurial education programs. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was all students of Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo State. The sample consists of 391 students from any department in Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect information from the students has 17 items. The research questions were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Two hypotheses were tested in the study using t-test statistical tools at 0.05 levels of significance. The study revealed that entrepreneurship education has significant positive effect on financial stability of students in AFUED. Also, the findings suggest that students are more exposed to entrepreneurial education and there is no significant difference between the perception of male and female students on the effect of entrepreneurial education on students on students financial stability. Furthermore, it revealed that inadequate finance, inadequate awareness, insufficient skilled manpower and absence of adequate teaching methods are challenge to entrepreneurship education in AFUED. The study recommends for the introduction of entrepreneurship education studies across facilities and departments and actively addressing challenges to create a supportive educational environment.

This study examined the role of media in shaping political narratives and public opinion during the Buhari administration, from May 29, 2015, to May 29, 2023. A quantitative survey research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 112 respondents. The data were analyzed using SPSS27, which facilitated the presentation and interpretation of the findings. The study found that traditional media played a significant role in shaping public opinion during Buhari's presidency, with respondents largely agreeing that it influenced political narratives. However, social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, were found to be more influential than traditional media in shaping political discourse. Social media allowed for a wider diversity of political opinions and narratives, often challenging the perspectives presented by traditional media. Despite this, government policies were seen as negatively impacting press freedom, with many respondents indicating that media outlets were frequently censored or restricted by the government. Social media activism was also identified as a crucial tool in influencing governance and policy decisions, with activists playing an important role in holding the government accountable, even though they faced persecution. The study concluded that media, both traditional and social, played an essential role in shaping political narratives and influencing governance during the Buhari administration. While traditional media generally aligned with the government, social media served as an alternative platform for political engagement and activism. Government policies were seen as suppressing press freedom, creating a climate of self-censorship and fear. The research contributes to the understanding of the media-political relationship in Nigeria, particularly during a period of government repression and media freedom. It also calls for greater protection of press freedom and support for digital activism in promoting political accountability.

ABSTRACT<br><br> In disputes resolution. The study has recommended among others that ADR should be enriched in <br><br> all real estate management and investment contracts and that all the stakeholders in real estate <br><br> business should take advantage of the flexible multi-level ADR clauses to better to better the <br><br> chances of dispute resolution along the real estate value chain. The occurrence of disputes in <br><br> various forms of human interactions has increased in complexity and has assumed a disturbing <br><br> dimension in recent times. Due to uncertainty surrounding dispute resolution through litigation, <br><br> professionals in the various disciplines are always seeking for alternative and innovative ways <br><br> through which risk of disputes that arise in the course of business transactions and professional <br><br> and professional activities can be resolved without recourse to litigation. The objective of the study <br><br> is to efficacy of alternative dispute resolution techniques on property management in Lagos <br><br> metropolis and the adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution techniques as innovative <br><br> approaches to real estate investment and management dispute resolution thereby mitigating <br><br> disputes risk impact on real estate investment. Utilizing content analysis of cases in real estate <br><br> investment sourced some ADR results showed among others that there were huge loss of <br><br> investment in real estate, tribal tension, discrimination and damaged business relationships