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ABSTRACT<br> The research explores the use of Annona senegalensis extract as a sustainable nitrogen source for doping reduced graphene oxide (rGO), thereby enhancing its electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications. The eco-friendly synthesis route offers a green alternative to conventional chemical doping methods. The doped materials were characterized using FTIR, to assess their structure and elemental composition. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that nitrogen-doped rGO exhibited significantly higher specific capacitance and improved charge/discharge cycling stability compared to undoped rGO. The results highlight the potential of Annona senegalensis as a cost-effective, natural dopant for energy storage applications (Rasheed et al., 2020). The study demonstrates that Annona senegalensis extract is an effective, sustainable, and low-cost nitrogen source, offering a green alternative to conventional chemical dopants. The findings provide a promising pathway for the development of high-performance, biodegradable supercapacitor materials, aligning with principles of green chemistry and renewable energy.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br><br> Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is vital for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and detecting various cardiac abnormalities. However, in many resource-limited healthcare settings, reliance on trained specialists often causes delays, inconsistent interpretations, and potential errors. This study addresses these challenges through the design, development, and evaluation of a web-based, AI-powered diagnostic system that automatically classifies cardiac conditions from ECG images.<br><br><br><br><br> A hybrid deep learning architecture combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for local feature extraction with Vision Transformers (ViTs) for modeling long-range dependencies and capturing the global structure of ECG waveforms was implemented. The model was trained and validated on a diverse set of publicly available ECG images covering three diagnostic categories: Normal, Arrhythmia, and Myocardial Infarction (MI). Data preprocessing and augmentation were applied to improve generalization and minimize overfitting.<br><br><br><br><br> The system was deployed via a user-friendly web interface that enables healthcare providers to upload ECG images and receive real-time diagnostic predictions. Evaluation results showed that the hybrid model achieved an overall accuracy of 92%, a weighted F1-score of 87%, and an AUC of 0.92, outperforming CNN-only and ViT-only models.<br><br><br><br><br> By providing rapid, accurate, and accessible diagnostic support, this system can serve as an effective clinical decision support tool. Its deployment could improve early detection of cardiovascular conditions, ease diagnostic workloads for clinicians, and enhance patient outcomes particularly in underserved regions with limited cardiology expertise.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br> The use of ripening agents has been on the increase today as they provide fruits the desired colour and taste within a short time. However, these ripening agents may pose health threats to humans. In this study, the effect of accelerated ripening agents on the fruit quality of pawpaw was investigated. Fresh unripe pawpaw fruits were placed in container and were fully ripened with calcium carbide after 48 hrs. Pawpaw sample ripened naturally was used as control sample. Unripe, naturally and accelerated ripened pawpaw fruits were analyzed for physicochemical properties (Ascorbic and citric acids) using standard methods. The result revealed a decrease in total Ascorbic and citric acids contents on ripening. Calcium carbide ripened sample had significantly (Ascorbic acid of 11.8mg/100ml) and (Citric acid of 31.2mg/100ml) than Fresh unripe and naturally ripened samples. Ascorbic acid (vitamin c) contents analysed in the sample indicates that the contents is higher in naturally ripened sample (27.2 mg/100mL) compared to fresh unripe (18.1 mg/100mL) and calcium carbide induced-ripened samples(11.8 mg/100mL). And the results obtained for citric acid analysis indicated the higher amount in fresh unripe (78.9 mg/100mL) compared to naturally ripened (39.4 mg/100mL) and calcium carbide induced-ripened samples (31.2 mg/100mL) respectively.The use of calcium carbide for ripening of pawpaw is therefore not advisable. The findings of this study will be useful for consumers and food safety authorities in addressing the changes in health risks and nutritional changes associated with accelerated ripening of pawpaw fruit.<br><br><br><br> Keywords: Pawpaw, accelerated, ripening agents, calcium carbide

This study examines the intricate relationship between language variation and identity in multilingual communities. In multilingual settings, language is not merely a tool for communication; it plays a pivotal role in shaping social identities, marking cultural affiliations, and signaling group membership. The research delves into how individuals in diverse linguistic environments strategically navigate their language choices to assert, negotiate, and adapt their identities, often influenced by a variety of sociocultural factors such as ethnicity, social class, gender, and age. The study employs qualitative research methods, including in depth interviews, participant observations, and discourse analysis, to explore how language practices in these communities reflect and reinforce social dynamics. It highlights the phenomenon of codeswitching, codemixing, and other linguistic strategies as mechanisms for both inclusion and exclusion within social groups. By focusing on specific multilingual communities, the study identifies the ways in which language acts as both a reflection of and a response to the broader social, political, and cultural contexts in which it is used.The findings of this research underscore the dynamic and context dependent nature of identity construction through language. They suggest that linguistic choices are not only shaped by individual agency but are also deeply influenced by external factors such as social networks, power relations, and societal norms. Additionally, the study highlights the challenges faced by multilingual individuals in balancing linguistic diversity with social integration, particularly in contexts where dominant languages overshadow minority languages. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of language in constructing social identities and offers valuable insights into the intersection of language, culture, and society in multilingual communities. The study emphasizes the need for policies and practices that promote linguistic diversity, cultural preservation, and inclusive social interactions in increasingly globalized and multicultural societies.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br> <br><br><br> This study examined the Factors influencing female participation in sports among undergraduate students of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The overall purpose of the study was to examine the possible Factors influencing female participation in sports among undergraduate students of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, with special interest on how variables of parental influence, availability of standard facilities and equipment, coping with academic stress and university policy on sports can influence female participation in sports among undergraduate students. Four research questions were raised to investigate the problem of the study. Literature was reviewed on the related subheadings based on the variables of the study. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, upon which a sample of five hundred (500) female undergraduate students in Ambrose Alli university, Ekpoma was selected by simple random sampling technique for the study. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by the researcher's supervisor and two other experts in Human Kinetics Education. The data collected was analyzed using frequencies and simple percentages. The study revealed that; some parent see sport participation is a waste of time, parents believes that sports participation should only be for male, students are not always permitted to use the sporting facilities owned by their the school, lectures take place throughout the week except Wednesdays evening for sports participation. Based on the findings, the following were recommended amongst others; government at all levels should create enabling environment for unfettered participation of women in sports and its management, government should encourage female participation in sport by providing scholarship and other incentives to female athletes who excel in any sporting competition, mass media should organize enlightenment programme that will eliminate all socio-cultural biases against female participation in sporting activities.

With the advent of new and rapid evolving technology, there's an apparent need for protection of patent in Nigeria. The provisions of the Patent and Designs Act will not suffice to protect investors from the challenges they face from patent infringers. Inventors encounter new challenges everyday ranging from patent infringement to a host of other challenges and many times, the law is ambiguous on the rights of an inventor or the mechanism for redress afforded to inventors. There is a need for legislative and judicial intervention in the area of patent protection in Nigeria. This research therefore seeks to examine the primary patent protection legislation and judicial mechanisms in Nigeria and its efficacy in protecting investors and their inventions. It also discusses the right that are available to inventors under various legislations and offers recommendations on how the legislation can be better equipped to protect patented inventions.

Abstract<br> The topic is becoming increasingly relevant as our planet faces unprecedented environmental challenges, such as climate change and pollution. The problem we are trying to solve is the degradation of our environment and humanity's unsustainable relationship with nature. This problem has profound effects on human life, from the quality of our air and water to the health of the ecosystem upon which we depend. Many scholars have discussed this issue, including environmental philosophers such as Aldo Leopold and Arne Naess, as swear as scientists studying climate change and its impact. They all agree that we need a fundamental shift in how we relate to nature if we hope to create a more sustainable future. My contribution is exploring ethical and philosophical questions related to environmental steward- what it means to be responsible for caring for the natural world around us. By doing so, this topic hopes to inspire deeper reflection on how humans can live in harmony with nature while still meeting their needs. To solve this problem, this research ultimately point towards an approach grounded in principles of ecogical integrity and respect for all forms of life. This involves recognizing our interconnectedness with other species, valuing biodiversity over narrow economic interest, reducing waste and consumption levels.

This study examined promoting political participation among youth: an analysis of experiential learning methods in political science. The population of this study comprised of youths in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo state.<br> Sample of one hundred (100) population were randomly selected for the study. Structured questionnaire duly validated was used for data collection. The research instruments were analyzed using frequency and simple percentage intending to examine promoting political participation among youth: an analysis of experiential learning methods in political science. PPMC was used for the hypotheses.<br> The results showed experiential learning methods in political science impact the political participation of youth. It was shown that hands-on engagement in political activities play in shaping the political attitudes and behaviors of young individuals. The findings revealed that experiential learning methods influence youths’ political attitude. Furthermore, it was shown that limited funding and resources and educators lack the necessary training and support are the challenges and barriers to implementing experiential learning methods in political science for promoting political participation among youth and finally, it was shown that experiential learning approaches foster a sense of civic responsibility and community engagement among youth in the realm of politics. The research hypotheses revealed that there was a relationship between experiential learning methods and political participation of youths and finally, there was a significant relationship between experiential learning methods and community engagement.<br> The researcher therefore, suggested amongst others that Government should create opportunities for young individuals to actively participate in political activities such as volunteering for campaigns, joining political organizations, or attending local government meetings. This hands-on experience can increase their understanding of the political process and issues, leading to more informed attitudes and behaviors. Schools should organize political simulations or role-playing activities where youths take on different political roles (e.g., candidate, voter, journalist).