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Nigeria's heavy reliance on crude oil production has raised concerns about its environmental and health implications. This study investigates the impact of crude oil exposure on energy-generating enzymes in the intestine and explores the potential protective effects of Chrysophyllum albidum leaf extract. Crude oil is known to contain a mix of hydrocarbons and various chemical substances, including toxic elements like benzene and mercury, which can induce oxidative stress and damage cellular components. The study employed fifty male Wistar albino rats and divided them into ten groups, each subjected to different treatments. These treatments included crude oil exposure, C. albidum leaf extract at varying doses, and Vitamin C. The results shed light on the activities of key enzymes, namely glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), involved in energy metabolism and cellular respiration. Crude oil exposure led to a significant decrease in G6PDH and SDH activities, suggesting cellular damage and disrupted glucose metabolism. Additionally, LDH activity increased significantly, indicating potential impairment of cellular respiration. Notably, C. albidum leaf extract at different doses and Vitamin C demonstrated protective effects, attenuating the adverse impacts of crude oil exposure on these enzymes. This suggests that C. albidum may have antioxidant properties that combat oxidative stress and mitigate cellular damage induced by crude oil. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of Chrysophyllum albidum leaf extract as a therapeutic agent in countering the detrimental effects of crude oil exposure on energy-generating enzymes in the intestine.

ABSTRACT<br> The issue of women covering their heads during worship has been a controversial thing. During the time of Paul, this controversy was present, and the Apostle handled it. While some insist on the practice of head covering, others condemn it. The interest and purpose of this work was to provide understanding to this issue and unifying the body of Christ by discovering what head covering was all about and it present implication to modern time. The method applied in achieving the purpose of this work was the use of questionnaires in addition to a critical review of related materials in this field of study. Major findings made revealed that modern day women wants to be given the choice of either covering their head or not. Findings also revealed that Apostle Paul was not asking women to cover their heads, but, rather, take a subordinate position to their male counterparts, which he symbolized with the use of veil. Thus head covering does not signifies a woman’s righteousness in Christianity.

Mothers and babies that benefit from exclusive breastfeeding are exceptionally healthy than those who do not. The aim of this study was to determine the Challenges of exclusive breast feeding among working class women in Low-Cost Housing Estate, Umuahia North LGA, Abia State. The Objectives were: Ascertain the knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, Determining the challenges to exclusive breastfeeding and Determining the measures to improve exclusive breastfeeding among working class mothers in Low-cost Housing Estate, Umuahia North LGA of Abia State. This study was a cross sectional descriptive study which was conducted among 80 mothers using self structured questionnaire and adopting a simple random sample method. The data were analyzed by tallying results in frequency and percentage table. The findings revealed that: Majority, 40(50%) of the respondents agreed that they have a knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, 47(59%) of the respondents thought it is breastfeeding of child immediately after birth, 36(45%) of the respondents do not Practice exclusive breastfeeding35(43%) of the respondents agreed that self image was a personal factor affecting exclusive breastfeeding, 35(43%) agreed that Husband's decision is a personal factor 35(43%) of the respondents agreed that influence from peers and family was a socio-cultural factor, 39(49%) of the respondents agreed that stress from work is a factor, 50(63%) of the respondents agreed that creating awareness will encourage exclusive breastfeeding,40(50%) of the respondents agreed that government policies on work hours will encourage exclusive breastfeeding,36(45%) of the respondents agreed that treating Breast conditions will encourage exclusive breastfeeding. It was recommended that more awareness should be made on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding both to the mother and to the baby.

Flooding remains a critical environmental challenge, particularly in regions with rapid<br> urbanisation and poor drainage infrastructure. Understanding flood susceptibility<br> through geospatial analysis is essential for effective risk management and disaster<br> preparedness. This study assesses flood risk and soil erosion dynamics in<br> Southeastern Nigeria using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote<br> Sensing. The objective is to classify flood-prone areas and propose suitable mitigation<br> strategies based on environmental parameters. A multi-criteria approach was applied<br> using Digital Elevation Models (DEM), slope analysis, Topographic Wetness Index<br> (TWI), drainage density, land use/land cover (LULC), and annual rainfall data. The<br> weighted overlay method in ArcGIS was used to classify the study area into five flood<br> risk categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The analysis revealed<br> that moderate-risk areas cover the most significant portion of the study area (106.12<br> km²), while high-risk zones span 51.14 km², primarily in low-lying regions with<br> impervious surfaces. Very high-risk areas, totalling 6.03 km², were concentrated<br> along riverbanks and poorly drained areas. In contrast, low-risk areas covered 81.74<br> km², benefiting from adequate drainage, and very low-risk zones accounted for 13.30<br> km². The study highlights the influence of urbanisation, topography, and hydrology<br> on flood susceptibility. Effective land-use planning, afforestation, and improved<br> drainage infrastructure are critical for mitigating flood risks. The integration of<br> geospatial techniques provides valuable insights for flood risk assessment, aiding in<br> proactive flood management strategies and urban planning. This research offers a<br> spatially explicit flood risk classification, integrating multiple environmental variables<br> to enhance predictive accuracy and inform sustainable flood mitigation efforts.

This mixed-methods study investigated the nexus between state policing and crime prevention in <br> the context of persistent insecurity within Orlu and Ikeduru Local Government Areas (LGAs) of <br> Imo State. The research, anchored in Structural Functionalism and Community Policing Theory, <br> sought to understand public perceptions of the current policing architecture, assess the role of local <br> security outfits, and gauge support for the establishment of a state police force. Data was collected <br> through a quantitative survey of 392 residents and qualitative, in-depth interviews with 25 key <br> informants, including security personnel, community leaders, and affected residents across eight <br> towns. Results from the quantitative analysis reveal a significant lack of public trust (81%) and a <br> low perception of effectiveness in the centralized Nigeria Police Force (NPF), largely attributed to <br> corruption and slow response times. The data confirms a high prevalence of crimes, particularly <br> kidnapping (85%) and illegal arms proliferation (78%), which have severely impacted the socioeconomic life in the LGAs. While local vigilante groups and “Ebube Agu” were credited with some <br> success in deterring crime (65%), the findings also highlighted concerns regarding inadequate <br> funding, poor training, and potential for political interference. Crucially, the survey identified <br> overwhelming support (80%) for the establishment of a state police force, driven by the desire for <br> enhanced local intelligence and greater accountability. Qualitative findings provided deeper context <br> for these quantitative trends, illustrating systemic issues behind the distrust of the NPF and<br> providing nuanced insights into the strengths and weaknesses of local security outfits. Interviews <br> revealed that the call for state policing is rooted in a desire for a force that is culturally and <br> geographically connected to the community, thereby ensuring greater responsiveness and trust. It <br> was concluded that the current policing system is dysfunctional and inadequate for addressing the <br> complex security challenges in Orlu and Ikeduru. While local vigilante efforts offer a partial <br> solution, a sustainable and effective approach requires systemic reform. The strong public <br> endorsement of state policing suggests it is a viable alternative, but its implementation must be <br> accompanied by robust constitutional safeguards and accountability mechanisms to mitigate <br> potential risks of abuse. The study recommends strengthening local initiatives in the short term <br> while pursuing long-term constitutional reforms to establish a state police force grounded in <br> principles of community engagement and accountability.<br> Keywords: State policing, crime prevention, community security, federal police, decentralization.

Abstract<br><br><br><br> This research investigates the correlation between hospital environment air quality and patients' <br><br><br><br> wellbeing in Kaltungo Town, Kaltungo Local Government Area (LGA), Gombe State. The study <br><br><br><br> focuses on assessing the relationship between hospital environment air quality and patient health <br><br><br><br> outcomes, identifying factors responsible for damaging air quality and, suggest ways of improving <br><br><br><br> air quality within patient’s environment. It also examines how these factors influence patient <br><br><br><br> comfort, recovery rates, and overall wellbeing. Findings from the study shows that overcrowding <br><br><br><br> and the high volume of people in the hospital can lead to increased levels of carbon dioxide and <br><br><br><br> other respiratory irritants with 60%, suggest that poor air quality in hospitals may adversely affect <br><br><br><br> patients’ respiratory health and contribute to longer recovery times with 58% of the respondents <br><br><br><br> strongly agreeing to the claim. The study underscores the need for improved air quality <br><br><br><br> management in healthcare facilities to enhance patient care and safety. Recommendations was <br><br><br><br> provided for policy adjustments and practical interventions to mitigate air quality issues and <br><br><br><br> promote a healthier hospital environment in Kaltungo Town.

Background: Cesarean delivery is surgical procedure used to deliver babies when vaginal birth may pose risks to the mother or baby. Cesarean delivery has contributed to reduced maternal and neonatal mortality globally. Maternal satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of care services provided and can influence future healthcare seeking behavior. Maternal satisfaction is affected by several factors including attitude of the healthcare provider, communication, pain management, and hospital environment.<br> Aim: To assess the level of maternal satisfaction with cesarean delivery care services at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State. <br> Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 285 mothers. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire employed a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27, with descriptive statistics summarizing demographic characteristics, obstetric history and satisfaction levels, and inferential statistics examining relationship between variables.<br> Results: The overall satisfaction revealed that 48% of mothers were moderately satisfied with cesarean delivery care received. Significant associations were found between level of satisfaction and factors such as education, ethnicity, parity, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and whether expectation were met.<br> Conclusion: The majority of mothers were moderately satisfied with cesarean delivery. Nonetheless, there is room for improvement in specific areas to enhance overall satisfaction. Addressing these areas would lead to better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.<br> Keywords: Cesarean Section, Maternal satisfaction, Satisfaction, Delivery Care services.

Marketers increasingly utilize emotional appeals as a strategic tool in advertising to enhance consumer engagement and drive sales. This study explores the impact of emotional advertising appeals (love, humor, happiness, and excitement) on consumer buying behavior, with a focus on baby care products. Employing a descriptive survey design, data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey involving 387 respondents who were consumers of baby care products in Awka metropolis. The data were analyzed using arithmetic mean and standard deviation, while multiple regression model were applied for hypothesis testing. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between emotional advertising and consumer purchasing behavior. Emotions such as love, humor, and excitement were found to significantly influence buying decisions. The study concludes that baby care brands can leverage emotional appeals, particularly love, to highlight the parent-child bond, and use humor and excitement to create engaging, memorable advertising content. These emotional connections between brands and consumers can foster brand loyalty and enhance consumer experience.