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‎ABSTRACT<br> ‎This study was undertaken with the objective of comparing senior secondary school student’s chemistry performance in private and public schools in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State. Simple survey research was employed to carry out the study. Population of this study consist of a total number of 219,370 senior secondary school students(102,839 of which are females while 116,531are males)  who sat for 2019,2020 and 2021 west African senior school certificate examination in chemistry. A random sample of  921 senior secondary school students was randomly selected from private and public secondary schools. Final WAEC results for three consecutive academic sessions for the selected sample in chemistry were obtained from the Ministry of Education as thedata for the study. The collected data were analyzed using T-test statistics. Results obtained shows that there was a significant difference between private and public schools student’s performance in chemistry in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. Private  school students have relatively better performance than their public schools students counterparts. It was recommended  that, there is  need for government to do all it can to eradicate or reduce the security situations in the state as this also have negative effect on students enrolment, retention and concentration in their studies in the states within the years under review in this study.

The study looks at the topic “ Role of social media in curbing religious crisis in Nigeria, using selected religious crisis as studies.” The objectives of this study were to analyze the Influence of Social Media on Religious Crises. To Identify the Mechanisms through Which Social Media Can Curb Religious Crises. To Evaluate the Challenges and Limitations of Using Social Media in Conflict Resolution. The study employed the social penetration theory and the cognitive dissonance theory, then the survey research design with questionnaire was used as an instrument, to collect responses from a sample size of 400 Benin City residents. The study revealed that social media have a reasonable influence in religious conflict resolution although the positivity or negativity of the influence greatly depends on how well it is managed within the period of crisis. It was also discovered that social media campaigns promoting interfaith dialogue and tolerance are essential for mitigating religious conflicts and that influencers or prominent figures on social media can significantly contribute to promoting religious harmony. Lastly, it was revealed that two major limitations of suing social media in religious conflict resolution, which are misinformation and fake news. The study then recommended that, the creation and promotion of social media campaigns that focus on interfaith dialogue, tolerance, and understanding should be encouraged. It also stated that Social media platforms should establish stronger fact-checking and content moderation policies to prevent the spread of misinformation and fake news, which can inflame religious tensions. And finally, Governments, NGOs, and community organizations should develop guidelines and best practices for the responsible use of social media during religious crises.

The rising demand for Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) in aquaculture has necessitated the development of cost-effective and nutritionally balanced feed formulations to optimize growth and survival rates. This study evaluated the growth performance and survival of Clarias gariepinus fry fed six different diets, including Artemia, blood meal, crayfish chaff, and their combinations, over an eight-week period. A total of 360 fry were randomly distributed into 18 tanks (20 fry per tank) and fed the experimental diets in triplicate. Proximate analysis of the feeds was conducted to determine protein, carbohydrate, lipid, fiber, and moisture content, while weight gain and survival rates were monitored weekly. The results showed that fry fed with a combination of Artemia and blood meal exhibited the best growth performance, reaching an average weight of 2.3406g by Week 8, with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) that indicated high feed efficiency. Fry fed with blood meal alone achieved the highest weight gain (2.4758g), but survival rates were significantly lower (11.67%) compared to other diets. Artemia alone supported the highest survival rate (45%), highlighting its digestibility and balanced nutrient profile. Crayfish chaff, with its high fiber content, resulted in the lowest growth (1.2706g) and survival rates (13.33%), indicating poor nutrient absorption.

Herbal medicine is recognized for its rich array of bioactive phytochemicals that can address and prevent a variety of human health issues, both chronic and acute. Terminalia catappa, commonly known as the tropical almond tree, is native to tropical regions and is celebrated for its potential health benefits. It has been traditionally used across various cultures for its medicinal properties. This study assesses the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and phytochemical properties of the yellow leaves of Terminalia catappa.<br> Fresh yellow leaves of Terminalia catappa were collected, washed, air-dried, and ground into a fine powder. The powder was then subjected to maceration with water to extract the crude material. This extract was concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator and subsequently freeze-dried to produce a powdered extract. The sample was analyzed for proximate composition, vitamin content, mineral composition, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity.<br> Yellow leaves have a low moisture content, indicating good storage stability. They contain moderate levels of crude fat, crude fiber, and ash, with a notable crude protein content and high carbohydrate content. Vitamin analysis shows a high vitamin C content, crucial for immune function, while vitamins D and B12 are present in low amounts. Vitamins E and B6 are present at moderate levels, supporting antioxidant and metabolic processes. The leaves are rich in potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, calcium, zinc, and sodium.<br> Phytochemical analysis shows significant antioxidant potential, with phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The leaves also contain phytates, oxalates, tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and alkaloids, contributing to their nutritional and medicinal value. Antioxidant assays show a dose-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity, with hydroxyl radical scavenging ranging from 29.57% at 50 µg/mL to 56.87% at 250 µg/mL. DPPH radical scavenging activity rises from 48.05% at 50 µg/mL to 57.63% at 250 µg/mL, reflecting effective radical neutralization.<br> The study highlights that yellow Terminalia catappa leaves are rich in protein, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber, and provide high levels of vitamins C, E, and B6. They are also significant sources of potassium and magnesium, important for cardiovascular health and metabolic functions. The phytochemical profile, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids, supports the leaves' potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The observed dose-dependent radical scavenging activity reinforces their effectiveness in combating oxidative stress and associated diseases. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of yellow Terminalia catappa leaves in nutritional and health applications.

Gastric ulcers result from disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier, allowing acid-mediated injury to the stomach lining. Ethanol is widely used as an ulcerogenic agent in experimental models due to its ability to cause direct mucosal damage, epithelial disruption, and altered acid secretion. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, protects against ulcer formation by suppressing gastric acid secretion, while Moringa oleifera has been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects that enhance mucosal defense. <br> <br> This study investigated the gastroprotective potential of M. oleifera seed extract, alone and in combination with omeprazole, against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Ethanol exposure caused a marked rise in gastric pH, severe mucosal lesions, and significant reductions in antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Pretreatment with omeprazole reduced ulcer severity and preserved mucosal integrity, consistent with its acid-suppressive action. Administration of M. oleifera seed extract produced dose-dependent gastroprotection, improving gastric pH, reducing ulcer indices, and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities. <br> <br> Co-administration of omeprazole and M. oleifera extract demonstrated synergistic effects, with higher doses yielding near-complete mucosal protection and normalization of biochemical parameters. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of M. oleifera as a natural gastroprotective agent, particularly when combined with conventional anti-ulcer drugs, offering a dual strategy of acid suppression and mucosal defense enhancement.

This study therefore examines the effect of reward system on Employee performance. The general objective of this study is to examine the impact of the reward system on employee motivation at First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Zamfara Branch, Nigeria. Stratified sampling techniques was used for the study, Krejcie and Morgan‘s Tables of sample selection (1970) was utilize to sample of 254 respondents from the total population of staff of selected branches of first bank in Gusau. Primary data for the study was obtained through questionnaire. Data’s were analyzed using standard multiple regression analysis to test the stated research hypotheses. The result of this study revealed that reward system has significant effect on Employee performance of some selected branches in Gusau. Findings from this study revealed that there is significant relationship between promotion and performance, there is positive significant relationship between recognition and employee, promotion has positive effect on Employee productivity, recognition has positive effect on business growth. The research recommends that management of first bank in Gusau should maintain and improve on the practice of promotion in helping the organization attain it productivity, there should be proper recognition which will is very good and enable the employees to perform excellently.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigated"Industrial conflict and organizational efficiency in<br> Benue State University Teaching Hospital,Makurdi.”Four research questions<br> and four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.Literatures were<br> reviewed according to the sub-variables under study.Survey research design<br> was adopted for this study.The population of the study comprised 614 staff.A<br> sample of 150 respondents was drawn for the study.The sampling was done<br> through simple random sampling technique.The instrument used for data<br> collection was a structured questionnaire.Pearson product moment correlation<br> analysis and Independent t-test analysis was used to analyse the data.The<br> hypotheses were subjected to testing at .05 level of significance.The research<br> findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between employee<br> engagement and organizational efficiency.Hypothesis 2 and 3 showed a<br> significant influence of leadership styles,conflict resolution strategies on<br> organizational efficiency.Finally,hypothesis 4 showed a significant relationship<br> between organizational culture and organizational efficiency in the study area.It<br> was recommended among others that,leadership of organizations should ensure<br> career development of their workers for employees'engagement.<br> (Word count:177)<br> vi

ABSTRACT<br> The study analyzed the errors committed by junior secondary school students in writing essays in French in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. The study adopted content analysis technique which sought to identify the percentage of students' intralingual errors as they write essays in French. The population of the study was 9,392 students in 12 public junior secondary schools in Owerri Municipal Council. The sample for the study comprised 150 descriptive essays written in French by junior secondary school students. The students were studied through their essays. The Instrument for the research was a checklist of intralingual errors for learning French. The percentage were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that students committed generalization errors by confusing the expressions J'ai and J'aime and errors of addition by adding English words in essays written in French. It was found that students put the wrong verb form after the auxiliary verb like avoir et etre and make mistakes of mechanical errors which include misspelling, wrong capitalization and punctuation when writing essays in French. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers of French are advised to expose their students to comprehension exercises that will help them to learm French words within particular contexts, this will enable the students to communicate their ideas with the appropriate French words.