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work elicits the impact of ICT on the dissemination of information in Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria. The primary objectives were to ascertain the types of ICT facilities available in the library under study, to determine the level of staff training to the use of ICT in the library under study, to ascertain the level of satisfaction in the use of ICT in the library under study and to investigate the factors militating against the use of ICT in the library. Institute for Agricultural Research Library, IARL was used as a case study. The survey research design was employed, population of the study comprised of 29 staffs of the library under study, and all the 29 were taken as sample. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. Simple tables and percentages were used to analyze the data collected. The study revealed that computers are the mostly used ICT facilities in the library setting, library staff acquired ICT training mainly through compulsory training organized by the library. It was gathered in the study that the staff of the library under study were mostly fully satisfied with the computers and photocopiers in the library.

This study examined the relationship between the impact of succession planning on employee retention of selected money banks in Port Harcourt. Leadership legacy and Employee performance were the dimensions of succession planning. Recognition/reward and training was used as measures of employee retention, not forgetting the moderating variable Career development. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through structured, self- administered questionnaire. The population was 355 employees of forty branches of selected money deposit banks in Port Harcourt. The study sample was 188 employees calculated using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The research instrument was validated through the supervisor’s vetting and approval while the reliability of the instrument was also endorsed by my supervisor. Data generated were analyzed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman rank order correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Empirical findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between succession planning and employee retention of selected money deposit banks in Port Harcourt. The study concludes that succession planning significantly influences employee retention of in selected money deposit banks in Port Harcourt. The study recommends that Management of Money Deposit Banks should adopt training programs to develop the careers of employees also leaving great legacies as leaders while also recognizing and rewarding employees to enable a better performance from them.

This study investigates the nutritional content and the microbial safety level of the spices produced from the blend of scent leaf, turmeric, ginger and garlic. All materials were cleaned, peeled, sliced and dried in the oven at 650C for 24 hours, after drying, it was milled and sieved. The material were mixed in the following ratio: 100:0(scent leaves),85:5:5:5(scent leaves ,ginger, garlic ,turmeric), 70:10:10:10 (scent leaves ,ginger ,garlic, turmeric) 55:15:15:15(scent leaves ,ginger ,garlic , turmeric)The vitamins and mineral content of the spices were determined using standard method and sensory was determine using Nine (9) point hedonic scale . The results showed variations in mineral content, with TWE (85% scent leaf) having the highest potassium, zinc, and magnesium content, while SUE (70% scent leaf) had the lowest. WSG (55% scent leaf) had the highest iron content, while TUP (100% scent leaf) had the highest phosphorus content. The vitamin composition also varied, with TWE having the highest vitamin A, B1, B2, and E content, while SUE had the lowest. The study concluded that the mineral and vitamin content of the spice blends were influenced by the proportions of the individual spices, with scent leaf being a rich source of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The study suggests that these spice blends could be useful in reducing hypertension risks and enhancing immune function, wound healing, and energy production.High total viable count value among the samples indicates a high level of contamination during the processing and storage conditions. The most prefer spices during the sensory evaluation was produced from 55% scent leaf, 15% ginger, 15% turmeric and 15% garlic.

 <br><br><br> ABSTRACT<br><br><br> The purpose of this study was to find the influence of extrinsic motivation on teachers’ attitudes toward teaching in primary schools in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State. Ex-post facto research was adopted for the study Taro Yamane sampling formula was utilized for selecting sample of 112 from a population of 156 teachers from the schools. A self developed questionnaires was used for data collection. Three research questions were raised and converted to three statement of Hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. Simple linear regression analysis was the statistics used to test the null hypotheses. The result revealed that there is a significant of reinforcement promotion and reward systems and teacher attitude towards teaching in public primary schools in Calabar South L.G.A which implies that the attitudes of teachers can actual be influence by the motivation they get in the course of their teaching. It is therefore recommended that teachers’ from time to time should be motivated through reinforcement for the positive attitude to be repeated, reward and promotion boosts their moral service for effective delivery and the resultant from teachers deserving effect to be visibly notice on the academic achievement of primary school pupils in Calabar South L.G.A of Cross River State.

Speech-to-text (STT) systems have gained significant traction in recent years due to their ability to transcribe spoken language into text format, facilitating communication and accessibility for individuals with hearing impairments or those who prefer hands-free interaction. This project addresses the challenges by proposing a modular deep neural network based architecture for robust speech to text transcription, the system design incorporates multiple real-world speech augmentation techniques like background noises, room impulse responses and speed perturbations during training. Novel speaker adaptation methods are introduced to improve generalization across different users without needing explicit enrollment data.<br><br><br> The system is implemented using Pytorch and Google Cloud Speech APIs. Rigorous testing on internal datasets as well as public domain LibriSpeech utterances reveal significant improvements compared to existing solutions in the literature. Word error rates drop absolutely across noisy and accented speech without loss in responsiveness.<br><br><br> • The modular architecture developed allows seamless deployment across application domains through configuration changes rather than full retraining. The outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of real-time, accurate and personalized speech recognition services even with limited domain data.

This project consider the pade approximation for solving the function<br><br><br><br><br> () = <br><br><br><br><br> . Specifically, Mamadu- NJoseh polynomials and Maclaurine series were<br><br><br><br><br> adopted as a trial function to implement the method. Consequently we observe that<br><br><br><br><br> using either Mamadu-Njoseh polynomial or Maclaurine series yields same result.

This study investigates the training needs of maize farmers on biological pest control measures in Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The focus is on assessing the level of awareness, knowledge gaps, pest management practices, and the constraints farmers face in adopting eco-friendly pest control approaches. The study also explores the influence of socio-economic factors on these training needs. A total of 187 maize farmers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique, and data were collected through a well-structured interview schedule using the KoboToolbox platform. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used for data analysis, including frequency counts, percentages, means, and chi-square tests. Findings revealed that although most farmers were aware of pest control practices, a significant majority relied heavily on chemical pesticides due to low awareness and limited access to biological alternatives. Formal extension services were underutilized, with most information sourced informally from fellow farmers, family, and radio. Farmers exhibited low practical knowledge of biological control methods, and many had never received training on identifying pests or applying biological agents effectively. Key training needs identified included understanding the principles of biological pest control, identification of beneficial organisms, application techniques, and safety measures. Major constraints included high costs of biological inputs, limited availability, and weak extension support. The study recommends that stakeholders organize targeted, practical training programs and increase awareness through farmer groups, radio, and social media. Strengthening extension services and improving access to affordable biological control materials will enhance adoption and contribute to sustainable pest management and improved maize productivity.

This study investigates the effect of fuel subsidy removal on organizational performance of MSMEs in Funtua Metropolis using a survey design method. the population of the study consist of 1500 registered SMEs in Funtua as at 2024. The study adopts a sample of 316 SMEs firms was selected from the total population using a purposive sampling technique. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between government support programs and the performance of SMEs in Funtua. Also, technological adoption also demonstrated a strong positive effect on SME performance. The findings also confirmed that the economic environment, particularly inflation, exchange rate volatility, and interest rate increases, significantly affects SME performance. The direct effect of fuel subsidy removal on MSME performance was found to be significant. The study recommended that policymakers should expand access to funding, grants, and tax incentives for SMEs, particularly in regions with weak financial infrastructure. Public-private partnerships should be encouraged to increase outreach and efficiency of government interventions. Also, the study recommended that government and development agencies should subsidize digital infrastructure and offer capacity-building programs to help SMEs adopt e-commerce, mobile payments, and digital recordkeeping tools