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ABSTRACT<br><br> The study examined theft and vandalism of information resources in public universities libraries in Imo State. Four objectives and five research questions were stated for the study was case study research design. The population of the study comprised 134 library staff from IMSU, FUTO and Alvan in Imo State. A validated questionnaire on theft and vandalism of information resources in the public university library questionnaire (TVIRPULQ) developed by the researcher was used to collect data for the study. Mean value analysis descriptive statistics such as strongly agreed were used to analyze the data. The following findings were made that textbooks, journals, dictionary, magazines, CD-Roms computers, printer/photocopies, encyclopedias and newspapers are the types of information resources affected by theft and vandalism in public universities library, that reasons for theft and vandalism in public universities are inadequate photocopying services, scarcity of needed materials, shortage of staff, poor security systems, lack of proper supervision, curiosity to build personal collection are the effects of theft and vandalism of the information resources in public universities library. The following recommendations were made that that library should make adequate provision of photocopying services, provision of adequate security in the library, provision of adequate rules and regulations, digitalization of information resources, conducting a random check upon exist, instillation of CCTV cameras to monitor premises and teaching library users about library policies and the value of resources theft and vandalism can be curb in public university library.

This research paper aims to investigate the impact of sales promotion and <br><br> advertisement on business performance. Sales promotion and advertisement are <br><br> two commonly used marketing strategies that businesses employ to drive sales, <br><br> increase brand awareness, and ultimately enhance their overall performance in <br><br> the market. The study engages in a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, <br><br> empirical studies, and industry reports to examine the relationship between sales <br><br> promotion, advertisement, and business performance metrics such as sales revenue, market share, and customer loyalty. The research reveals that sales <br><br> promotion, which includes tactics such as discounts, coupons, and loyalty <br><br> programs, can positively influence business performance by attracting <br><br> customers, stimulating purchase behavior, and increasing sales. Moreover, sales <br><br> promotion techniques have been found to contribute to brand recognition and <br><br> customer satisfaction, subsequently enhancing customer loyalty and long-term <br><br> business performance. Similarly, advertisement plays a crucial role in enhancing <br><br> business performance by creating brand awareness, conveying product benefits, <br><br> and differentiating businesses from competitors. It highlights the significance of <br><br> effective advertising strategies such as mass media campaigns, digital marketing, <br><br> and social media advertising in reaching wider target audiences and influencing <br><br> customer perceptions and purchase decisions. The findings suggest that the <br><br> combination of sales promotion and advertisement can yield synergistic effects <br><br> on business performance. When implemented strategically, these marketing <br><br> strategies have the potential to generate increased sales, expand market share, <br><br> and foster brand loyalty among consumers.

The objective of this study is to investigate the overall impact of population growth in Nigeria. It contributes to existing research on the economic consequences of population expansion in the country. In this study, the population growth rate is used as an indicator of population explosion, while GDP per capita serves as a measure of prosperity and living standards. The research employs a regression methodology, utilizing secondary data. The analysis incorporates Trend Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, and Least Squares techniques. Findings from the ordinary least squares regression show a positive correlation between GDP per capita and population growth rate, while a negative relationship exists between GDP per capita and unemployment. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Nigeria maintain its current population growth rate, as it is positively associated with economic growth. Additionally, it suggests that efforts should focus on fostering economic development, as economic growth drives population growth. The study also advocates for viewing population growth as a potential asset rather than a burden, given its long-term equilibrium with economic growth. Lastly, the paper recommends that the government take proactive measures to manage the population growth rate and presents policy options for controlling population explosion while promoting sustainable economic development.

This study investigates the potential of agro-waste components—specifically sawdust, starch tapioca, and cassava peel—for the production of fuel briquettes, with a detailed characterization of the raw materials and evaluation of various briquette formulations. Proximate analysis of the samples revealed promising fuel properties: the moisture contents of sawdust, starch tapioca, and cassava peel were 9.91%, 9.47%, and 9.58% respectively, ensuring long-term storage stability by mitigating mold growth and reducing moisture-dependent biochemical reactions. The samples exhibited volatile matter ranging from 26.07% to 33.52%, suggesting a high ignition rate during combustion, while the low ash content (2.61%–3.32%) indicates minimal residual inorganic matter that could lead to environmental pollution. Additionally, the fixed carbon values—60.70% for sawdust, 54.18% for starch tapioca, and 58.85% for cassava peel—demonstrate that sawdust, in particular, possesses a higher calorific potential and better thermal properties. Four briquette formulations were prepared by varying the proportions of the agro-waste constituents: Briquette A (100 g sawdust + 100 g starch tapioca), Briquette B (100 g sawdust + 50 g starch tapioca + 50 g cassava peel), Briquette C (100 g sawdust + 70 g starch tapioca + 30 g cassava peel), and Briquette D (100 g sawdust + 30 g starch tapioca + 70 g cassava peel). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the sawdust revealed the presence of key functional groups—such as symmetric and asymmetric C–O–C stretches, C=C stretches, O–H, and C=O stretches—that confirm a high content of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, which are essential for efficient combustion. These molecular features enhance the binding and energy release characteristics of the briquettes, making them suitable for fuel applications. The performance evaluation of the briquettes indicated that Briquette D had the highest density, which correlates with a longer burning rate and improved thermal fuel efficiency (20.08%), as compared to the other formulations (Briquette A: 18.80%, Briquette B: 19.36%, and Briquette C: 18.94%). The energy value of Briquette D was determined to be 1830.02 kJ/100 g, implying its superior potential as a household cooking fuel. The enhanced thermal efficiency observed in Briquette D can be attributed to the optimal interaction of molecular forces among the sawdust, starch tapioca, and cassava peel. Overall, the study confirms that with the appropriate formulation and processing, agro-waste can be effectively transformed into high-quality fuel briquettes that offer a sustainable alternative for household energy needs.

ABSTRACT<br> Isolation and screening of cellulose utilizing bacteria from mango leaves was conducted. The mango leaves sample was collected from Sokoto State University and was then transported to the Microbiology Laboratory for microbiological analysis. Nutrient agar medium was used for isolation. Incubation was done at 37oC for 24 hours. Biochemical tests were conducted to identify the different bacterial species that were isolated. The identified bacteria include Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Bacillus laterosporus, and Serratia marcescens.. Screening of the isolates for cellulolytic activity was done using CMC agar(Carboxymethyl Cellulose) and then flooded with 1% Congo red before staining with Sodium chloride(NaCl) of which we had the zone of hydrolysis and mango leaf 2 had the larger size of clear zone hydrolysis with 25cm and mango leaf 3 with the small zone with 21cm. Bacillus laterosporus, Enterobacter cloacae and Morganella morganii produced zone of CMC hydrolysis which indicates that they are cellulase-producing bacteria and they can degrade cellulose. It is recommended that more study should be carried out to understand the hidden mechanism behind the activity of the cellulase enzyme and also more researches should be emphasized in those bacteria showing cellulase producing potentials.

This study examined the effect of delayed payment of salaries and wages on employees’ performance in Mangero Bottling Company, Owerri, Imo State. The study was necessitated by persistent challenges faced by employees as a result of irregular or untimely salary payments, which often affect their motivation and overall productivity. A total of 50 respondents were selected through a simple random sampling technique, and data were collected using structured questionnaires. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques to establish the relationship between delayed salary payments and employees’ performance indicators such as job commitment, productivity, and work morale. The findings revealed that delayed payment of salaries and wages has a significant negative effect on employees’ performance in the company. Specifically, employees reported reduced motivation, lower levels of commitment, and decreased efficiency when salaries were not paid on time. Conversely, timely payment of wages was found to improve employee morale, enhance productivity, and foster a greater sense of loyalty to the organization. The study concludes that prompt payment of salaries and wages is a critical determinant of employee performance and organizational growth. It recommends that management of Mangero Bottling Company should prioritize timely remuneration policies, adopt effective payroll systems, and strengthen financial planning mechanisms to avoid payment delays. This will not only improve employee satisfaction but also enhance overall performance and productivity in the organization.

This study examines the role of informal transport systems, like rickshaws and shared vans, in enhancing sustainable mobility in developing urban areas, using Maiduguri, Borno State, as a case study. Informal transport systems provide flexible, affordable, and accessible transportation options, often bridging gaps left by formal public transport. This research explores their contributions to urban mobility, challenges, and potential integration with formal systems to create a more sustainable network. Key objectives include evaluating the impact of informal transport on accessibility, affordability, and environmental sustainability. The study also identifies opportunities to improve safety, reliability, and environmental standards within informal transport. Methods include a mixed approach of surveys, traffic counts, environmental measurements, and interviews to assess ridership, emissions, and socio-economic impact. Findings suggest that informal systems are crucial for low-income populations but are often marginalized in formal planning. Recommendations focus on regulatory reforms, infrastructure investments, and technological innovations to integrate informal and formal transport systems. This integration could enhance urban mobility, reduce emissions, and foster social inclusion, supporting sustainable development goals in rapidly urbanizing regions.

The study examined the Nembe and Oporoma relations in the colonial era. specifically,<br> the study, explore the socio-economic history of Nembe people of Bayelsa state, to<br> explore the socio-economic history of Oporoma people of Bayelsa state, and to ascertain<br> the effect of socio-economic relations between Nembe and Oporoma in the Colonial Era.<br> The Nembe and Oporoma relations since the colonial era to present day has enjoyed<br> peace, cooperation and mutual understanding and the changing nature is as a result of<br> external trade, colonialism and political relations and administrative units created by the<br> colonial government. Both groups have benefited from each other through trade,<br> marriages, education, religion, health care and politics. Nevertheless, both groups have<br> also had moments of confrontations, conflicts and disputes over land and scarce<br> resources. Our work is not on Nembe-Oporoma dispute but all the economic, social and<br> political benefits enjoyed by both Ijaw ethnic groups in Bayelsa state. It is however<br> expedient to categorically state that Oporoma did not majorly because of their historical<br> settlements that was geographically far from the Nembe location which was more closer<br> to the Colonial masters camps. In the Niger Delta, the various groups had economic,<br> political and socio-cultural relations that have impacted positively and negatively on the<br> region. Our work is not on Nembe-Oporoma dispute but all the economic, social and<br> political benefits enjoyed by both Ijaw ethnic groups in Bayelsa state. It is however<br> expedient to categorically state that Oporoma did not majorly because of their historical<br> settlements that was geographically far from the Nembe location which was more closer<br> to the Colonial masters camps.