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This research explores the historical relationship between the Yakurr and Arochukwu communities in southeastern Nigeria, focusing on their religious, cultural, and acculturative interactions. The study examines the traditional beliefs and practices of both groups, highlighting their distinct and shared cultural elements. The Yakurr and Arochukwu, while both part of the Igboid language family, exhibit unique dialects and cultural contexts. The Arochukwu's centralized social system, influenced by the Ekpe secret society, contrasts with the Yakurr's decentralized, clan-based structure. Economically, the Arochukwu's dominance in regional trade contrasts with the Yakurr's more localized activities. The research investigates the traditional religious practices and beliefs of each community, noting the Arochukwu's use of the Ibini Ukpabi oracle compared to the Yakurr's decentralized spirituality. The study also addresses the cultural festivals, social structures, and daily life roles that shape their respective identities. The historical interactions between the Yakurr and Arochukwu reveal a complex interplay of cooperation and conflict, influenced by external factors such as colonialism and missionary activities. The research examines the processes of acculturation resulting from their interactions, including the adoption of cultural practices and beliefs and the challenges faced during this process. Overall, the findings illustrate the dynamic relationship between these communities, marked by economic competition, cultural resistance, and varying responses to external influences. The study contributes to understanding how historical interactions have shaped the cultural and religious landscapes of the Yakurr and Arochukwu, offering insights into their shared and distinct identities.

ThisstudyassessesthephysicochemicalqualityofrawwaterfromAjiwaDamduringthepeak of the rainy season.Water samples were collected from three different locations and analyzed for temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The resultsshowedminorvariationsacrosscollectionperiods,withturbiditypeakinginthesecond collection, likely due to increased runoff, while DO levels exhibited a steady increase, suggestingimprovedaeration.ThepHremainedslightlyalkalineacrossallsamples,andTDS levelswererelativelystable,indicatingminimalexternalcontamination.Thefindingshighlight the importance of regular water quality monitoring to ensure the sustainability of Ajiwa Dam as a key water source. Recommendations include continued assessment, pollution control measures, and improved water management strategies.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br> Bisphenol A is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is an example of an enivironmental toxicant. BPA is known as an endocrine distruptor especially in inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to investigate the influence of post-weaning bisphenol A on inflammatory markers, neurotransmitter levels, and cerebellar histopathology in male Wistar rats, and also the potential protective effects of silymarin, known as an antioxidant. Thirty-two newly weaned male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups; a control group, bisphenol A-treated group, silymarin-treated group, and bisphenol A + silymarin-treated group. Animals were administered daily for eight weeks via oral gavage. The BPA-treated group received 100mg/kg of BPA, while the silymarin group were administered 50mg/kg of silymarin. Blood and cerebellum samples were collected at the end of the study, and biochemical assays were performed to measure inflammatory markers, including dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, interleukin-1beta (IL-1B), iron content, myeloperoxidase (MPO), serotonin, tumor necrosis factors-a (TNF-a), noradrenaline, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Histological analysis of the cerebellar tissues was also conducted.<br><br><br> The result shows that exposure to BPA drastically increased inflammation, by increasing TNF-a, IL-1β, MPO, decreased dopamine, increased acetylcholinesterase,, decreased serotonin, decreased noraderanalin, and also caused an increase in iron content. Neurotransmitter disruptors, including decreased dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin, were observed in the BPA-treated groups, suggesting neurotoxicity. Histopathological evaluation revealed disrupted cerebellar screening in BPA-treated rats, with focal inflammatory cell filtration. However, silymarin administration lessen these biochemical and histological changes, revealing its protective impact against BPA-induced neurotoxicity.

ABSTRACT<br> This study examined the Level of Substance use Disorders among Youths of Rumuekpe Community in Emouha LGA, Rivers State. The sample for this study included 155 respondents. The instrument used was an adapted instrument called Substance Use Assessment Scale (SUAS)) .The theories that underpins this study were self-derogation ( Kaplan ,1975) and Life course Theory (Glen Elder,1994). The result of the first objective was that the awareness level of substance of abuse availability was high (95.5%). The result of the second objective was that use of alcohol (mean score 4.0), methamphetamine ( mean score 3.5) and marijuana (mean score 3.5) is very high among students of Community Secondary School Rumeukpe. The result of the third objectives shows common substance use disorder identified among the students such as drug addiction (mean score of 4.0), drug dependence (mean score of 3.5), economic problem (mean score 3.5), social problem (3.5), academic problem (3.5).It was therefore recommended that health education on the effects of substance use should be employed on the youths and community at large. Also early identification and prompt treatment of those with substance use disorder.This study highlights gaps on substance abuse enlightenment programs and education in rural communities and schools. Majority of the respondents have little or no ideal on the effects of abusing substances like methamphetamine and marijuana.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigated the perceived influence of fans and crowd support on the performance of the male football team at the University of Ilorin. Grounded in theories of sports psychology and social facilitation, the research aimed to assess how athletes interpret and respond to the presence and vocal encouragement of spectators during competitive play. A descriptive survey design was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to members of the university’s male football team. The findings revealed a strong consensus among respondents that fan presence and crowd support significantly enhance individual and team performance by boosting confidence, motivation, and concentration. Players also reported a heightened sense of responsibility and energy when playing in front of supportive home audiences. These results align with existing literature suggesting that social factors such as crowd size, enthusiasm, and familiarity with the home environment contribute to athletic success. The study concludes that fans and crowd support serve as powerful psychological stimuli that positively influence player performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that university sports administrators implement strategies to promote active spectator engagement and integrate psychological preparedness into team training. Future research is encouraged to explore variations across different sports, gender categories, and competitive levels.

This Project entitled ‟Antenatal Care Attendance and Successful delivery Attendance (A Case Study of Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital From 2010 – 2022). The aim of this research to analyze the relationship between ante-natal care attendance and successful delivery, the aim could be achieve through the following objectives. To test for the significance difference between the antenatal and safe delivery, to fit a linear regression model and also to check the trend analysis. correlation analysis shows the p-value (0.056) < alpha 0.05 we therefore do not reject H0 and concluded there’s no significance relationship between anti-natal and safe delivery. The coefficients of determination R2 value is 0.318 which is equivalent to 31.8% implies that 31.8% of the data fit the regression lines and it’s also measure 31.8% of the Variation in the y-variable (Anti-natal). The ANOVA show that above it show that the p-value (0.50) > alpha value 0.05 we therefore conclude that the variable statistically significant and is good for prediction. The slopes () represent the amount y changes for every unit change in X. i.e X increases by one unit then the y-variables (Anti-natal) will increase by 0.536.It is recommended that pregnant women should attend all scheduled prenatal appointments. This check-ups help monitor the health of both the mother and the baby.

This study was carried out to investigate the personal and environmental factors influencing gender in sports performance among undergraduates of Benson Idahosa University. To guide this study, three research questions were raised with corresponding hypotheses that were tested at 0.05 level of significance.<br> The descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of this study was made up of 6900 undergraduates. The sample size of 400 undergraduates was selected using the Taro Yamane formula due to the large size of the population. The research instrument for the study was a self-constructed questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage for the bio-data, inferential statistics of simple multiple regression was used in testing hypotheses 1 to 3 corresponding to research questions 1 to 3. The formulated hypotheses tested were set at 0.05 level of significance.<br> The findings of this research based on the research questions raised and hypotheses formulated showed the following; there was a positive weak relationship between male and female students sports participation based on personal factors, which was not significant. Also, personal factors was the highest predictor of students’ sports participation; there was a positive weak significant relationship between male and female students sports participation based on environmental factors; as environmental factors was the highest predictor of students sports participation; there was a positive weak significant contributions of personal and environmental factors to students sports participation; as environmental factors was the highest predictor of students sports participation. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that there was a positive weak and insignificant relationship between male and female students sports participation based on personal factors, with personal factors being the highest predictors of students sports participation. Also, there was a positive weak and significant relationship between male and female students sports participation based on environmental factors, with environmental factors being the highest predictors of students sports participation. Lastly, there was a positive weak significant contributions of personal and environmental factors to students’ sports participation with environmental factors being the highest predictor of students’ sports participation. From the findings of the study it was recommended that; the necessary and ideal environment should be created to bring out the best among undergraduates in relation to their sports participation; undergraduates irrespective of their gender should be encouraged by all and sundry to regularly participate in sports; experts such as sports psychologists and other significant others should be able to manage undergraduates psychological and personal issues effectively to make them gain full satisfaction and enjoyment while engaging in sporting events.

ABSTRACT<br> This study was carried out to isolate, characterize and identify some infectious pathogens, aim at investigating the proximate analysis, phytochemical constituents, and antimicrobial activity of Avocado seed (Persea americana) seeds.<br> Standard<br> Microbiological techniques were employed to isolate three species of bacteria, namely;<br> Escherichia coll. Staphyloccus aureus and Bacilus subritts. The fungal species were Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The proximate analysis carried out, revenled the seeds to contain 6.13% protein. 4.19% fat, and 76.23% carbohydrates, along with 2.78% moisture and 4.0% ash content. Crude extracts were obtained, employing the standard Inboratory techniques of pharmacognosy. The phytochemical screening of the crude extract revealed some important bioactive constituents to include; alkaloids. saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins. phlobotannins and anthraquinones. Results of the antimicrobial activity of the extract revealed that the ethanol extract had more antimicrobial efficacy than the aqueous extract at different concentrations. antimicrobial activity of this extract is due to the effect of the different phytochemicals present. S. aureus, E colt, B. subtilis and C. albicans showed higher susceptibility to the crude extracts than . niger. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the aqueous ranged from 25mg/ml - 100mg/ml while that of the ethanel extract tanged from 12.5mg/ml- 50mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the aqueous extract ranged from 50mg/ml - 125mg/ml with A niger having high MIC and MBC values which shows high resistance ngainst the extract. The results of the findings of this study suggest that Avocado seeds (Persed americana) shows a nutrient rich profile and natural antimicrobial activity and this has potential application in food and pharmaceutical industry.