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ABSTRACT<br> This study surveyed virtual laboratories use and pedagogical-practices among Upper<br> Basic Science teachers in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State. Amid the<br> digital transformation in education, the challenges of integrating innovative teaching<br> methods into Basic Science curriculum in Nigerian schools were examined, focusing on<br> the adoption and utilization of virtual laboratory. The study employed a descriptive survey<br> design, collecting data using goggle form from 37 Upper Basic Science teachers using<br> teachers’ pedagogical practice questionnaire” (PPTQ). Results indicated a positive<br> relationship between virtual laboratory utilization and the enhancement of teachers'<br> pedagogical practices in subject mastery. The study identified several challenges limiting<br> virtual laboratory use, including inadequate computer facilities, limited training<br> opportunities, and unstable power supply. Findings suggest that virtual laboratories can<br> improve student understanding, engagement, and practical skills while supporting<br> teachers in lesson planning and delivery. Recommendations include expanding ICT<br> facilities, providing training for teachers, and integrating virtual laboratory into the school<br> curriculum to overcome challenges and enhance science education quality. The study<br> offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers aiming to adopt<br> virtual laboratory technologies in Basic Science teaching within similar educational<br> contexts.

Haemolysis, the premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs), can result from oxidative stress, enzymatic deficiencies, or exposure to toxic substances. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a critical enzyme in red cell metabolism that protects erythrocytes against oxidative damage. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has long been used in traditional medicine for its various therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol neem seed oil extract on G6PD activity, red blood cell count (RBC), and hematocrit (HCT) in male Wistar rats, to assess its possible haemolytic impact. <br> Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10). Group 1 served as the control and received only normal feed and water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 received 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg of methanol neem seed oil extract, respectively, orally for five weeks. At the end of the administration period, animals were fasted overnight and were euthanized using chloroform. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into both plain and EDTA bottles. The samples in plain bottles were centrifuged at 2,500 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 15 minutes to separate the serum, which was then transferred into Eppendorf tubes using Pasteur pipettes and stored at –4 °C for the determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. Whole blood collected into EDTA bottles was used for the determination of red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit (HCT) using standard hematological procedures. Statistical analysis was done using graph pad prism 5 (Graph Pad Software Inc., San Diego, CA), data were subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance with statistical significant set at P

ABSTRACT<br> The study seeks to examine the impact of the Public Procurement Act on the procurement process in the Nigerian public sector with reference to Kano State drug procurement services. The study used research survey that involves collecting data via self-administered questionnaires consequently, the researcher designed an open ended and closed ended questions for respondent to answer. The population comprises the Kano State Drugs and Medical Consumables Supply Agency (DMCSA), officials from the Ministry of Health, budget and planning officers, pharmacists, suppliers, and representatives of civil society organizations monitoring public procurement. Thus, the researcher adopted a sample size of 100 respondents, drawn from various relevant departments and institutions involved in drug procurement in Kano State. The study makes use of simple random sampling technique, one of the reasons that it is most often used is due to the numerous advantages it provides. The method of data analysis to be used for this research is simple percentage statistical tools. The study revealed that revealed that compliance with the Public Procurement Act is low, largely due to lack of awareness, insufficient training of procurement officers, weak oversight institutions, and continued interference from political actors. In Kano State, despite the establishment of the Kano State Drugs and Medical Consumables Supply Agency (DMCSA) to oversee drug procurement, challenges such as poor-quality assurance mechanisms, delayed budget releases, and administrative bottlenecks persist. The study recommends that government agencies must ensure full domestication and implementation of the PPA in all states, with appropriate amendments to reflect local contexts where necessary. State level procurement laws must be aligned with federal standards. Therefore, continuous capacity building, certification programs, and professional training should be provided for procurement officers, auditors, and other stakeholders involved in the procurement chain. Digitalizing procurement processes through e-procurement platforms can help reduce corruption, improve recordkeeping, and increase access to procurement data. E-procurement enhances transparency

Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are a primary means of economic survival for many individuals in both rural and urban areas. However, their medium to long-term survival is often adversely affected by various factors, particularly those related to finance. This study investigates the impact of taxation on the survival of small-scale enterprises in Ilorin South using a survey research approach. 196 questionnaires were distributed within four commercial clusters of the target area with 179 (91.33%)retrieved. Descriptive statistics and ordered probit regression techniques were employed to analyse the data. The findings show that tax compliance frequency, the convenience of available tax payment channels, and the ease of covering running costs within the business environment were discovered to be crucial to the survival of SSEs.

The study aimed at evaluating the effect of good leadership in maintaining peace and harmony in organization using Orlu local government as a case study. The evaluation was done through the use of questionnaire and structured interview question, tailored towards: determining the effect of good leadership in maintaining peace and harmony on the performance of the organization; assessing the effect of the relationship between good leadership and peace and harmony in promoting maximization of the objectives of the organization examining whether three are leadership obstacles that hamper peace and harmony in Orlu local government; finding out if there are possible way of promoting peace and harmony in Orlu local government. The study employed survey research design in the work. The questionnaire was structured in five point scale in line with the objectives set out to be achieved in the study. The instrument was checked for reliability using test-re-test method. A sample size of 82 was selected from a total population of 103 and stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. The data generated from the field survey were presented and analysed using quantitative method like frequency distribution tables and simple percentage (%). The test of hypothesis was performed using chi-square statistical test. The result arising from the primary data tested at 0.05 co-efficient interval and degree of freedom revealed that there is positive and significant relationship between good leadership and peace and harmony in Orlu local government. In view of the above, since it is people that make up organisation therefore, it has been recommended among others that all those things the people need to enable them perform at high level should be put in place for them.

This project involved the up-grading of a rectangular irrigation canal to improve water conveyance and prevent over flooding. A precast construction method was used with a 1:2:4 concrete mix ratio and wire mesh reinforcement. Material tests including sieve analysis, slump test, and compressive strength test were conducted. The slump value of 50 mm indicated medium workability, while the 7-days and 14-days cube strengths gave 18 N/mm² and 21 N/mm² respectively, meeting standard requirements. After installation, water flow testing showed smooth discharge, no leakage, and stable structural performance. The redesigned canal achieved better hydraulic efficiency and durability compared to the old structure. The project concludes that proper design, good material quality, greatly improve irrigation canal performance.

The study examines the “Effectiveness of Health Information Management and Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar”. The sample for the study consisted of 184 respondents which were randomly selected from 100 Health Information Managers, 30 Doctors, 50 Nurses, and 20 Pharmacist both males and females using purposive sampling technique. Four specific objectives were developed as follows: (i) To Examine the extent to which Compliance of Health information management influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar (ii) To Determine whether computerization of Health Information Management influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar (iii) To Findout whether Clinical coding of Health Information Management influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar (iv) To Investigate the extent to which staff training on Health Information Practice influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The results show that, Compliance of Health information management influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar as proved in hypothesis 1. It was affirmed that computerization of Health Information Management influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabaras proved in hypothesis 2. It was equally revealed Clinical coding of Health Information Management influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar as proved in hypothesis 3. It was finally revealed that staff training on Health Information Practice influence Data Security in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar as proved in hypothesis 4. It was recommended that: (i). That government should ensuring that staff with outstanding performance are rewarded. (ii) That government should ensure that promotions are effected as at when due.

This study assessed the impact of land use and soil depth on the physicochemical characteristics of soils in Orji, Imo State, and Southeast Nigeria. Soil samples were collected across four land use types yam, vegetable (ugu), cassava, and plantain at two locations (Ikeduru and Mbieri) using a soil auger at varying depth increments. Physical properties analyzed included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity, and moisture content, while chemical properties assessed included soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na), exchangeable acidity (Al, H), total exchangeable bases, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), and base saturation.<br> Results showed that soils were predominantly sandy, with sand fractions ranging from 793.60 to 827.60 g/kg across land uses. Bulk density ranged from 1.27 to 1.33 g/cm³, while total porosity ranged from 49.66 to 52.15%. Soil pH values ranged from 5.50 to 5.62, indicating slightly acidic conditions. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were higher in surface horizons and declined with depth. Significant differences (p