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Globalization, a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing economic, political, social, and cultural dimensions, has significantly shaped economies worldwide. While its various aspects are crucial, the economic implications remain central to discourse, particularly in developing economies such as Nigeria. This study examines the impact of globalization on Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, a key driver of economic growth, industrialization, and employment generation. Despite Nigeria’s extensive participation in global trade agreements and economic partnerships, the manufacturing sector continues to struggle due to factors such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to finance, high production costs, and trade liberalization policies that expose local industries to intense foreign competition. The research explores the relationship between trade openness, inflation, and exchange rate volatility and their effects on manufacturing output in Nigeria. By employing an econometric approach using data from 1981 to 2023, the study aims to provide empirical evidence on how globalization has influenced the sector’s performance. Findings from this research will offer valuable insights for policymakers, helping them craft strategies to enhance the competitiveness of Nigeria’s manufacturing industry in the global economy. <br><br> For short run, Past values of MAF and MHT significantly impact MAF, while current values are not significant., Inflation (LINF) has a positive and significant impact, while Exchange Rate (LEXR) negatively affects MAF at lagged values. FDI has a mixed effect—positive in one lag but negative and significant in others. In the Long-run, MHT and LEXR negatively impact MAF, Inflation (LINF) significantly boosts MAF, FDI negatively impacts MAF but is not statistically significant.<br><br> Based on the findings of this study, Merchandise trade may boost manufacturing output over time rather than immediately. A stable exchange rate policy is necessary to protect manufacturing output. Inflation control policies are crucial, as inflation positively influences manufacturing in both the short and long run. FDI policies should be carefully structured, as their impact on manufacturing output varies. This analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance the manufacturing sector's contribution to the economy, Additionally, the study contributes to the broader discourse on globalization’s impact on developing economies, highlighting key challenges and opportunities for sustainable industrial growth.

ABSTRACT<br> This study examined the Impact of Poverty Alleviation Programme in Rural Development. The aim of the study was to identify the barriers and challenges mitigating poverty alleviation programmes in rural development and assess the impact of such programmes on job creation in Etsako Central Local Government Area.<br> The primary sources of data collection, including personal interviews and questionnaires, were used to gather relevant information. Simple percentage was used to analyze the data obtained, while the chi-square statistical tool was employed to test the hypotheses formulated. Findings revealed that barriers and challenges do not significantly mitigate poverty alleviation programmes in rural development, that poverty alleviation programmes have significant impacts on poverty reduction, and that such programmes contribute meaningfully to economic development in Etsako Central Local Government Area, Edo State. The study concluded that poverty remains one of the major global issues today, posing severe economic and social consequences in Nigeria. Although several administrations have initiated various policy responses to address this menace, poverty continues to undermine national development.<br> The study recommended that government should adopt pragmatic policies such as granting soft loans to small business owners, creating free apprenticeship programmes for rural dwellers, and establishing more vocational training centres. It also suggested that government should tackle societal barriers like economic inequality, ethno-religious conflicts, and corruption, as these remain obstacles to effective poverty alleviation efforts.

Organizational silence is a prevalent issue within many workplaces, impacting employee engagement, productivity, and overall corporate performance. This study aims to explore the various factors contributing to organizational silence, its effects on employees and corporate outcomes, the role of leadership in influencing silence, and potential strategies for mitigating the issue. The research was conducted through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 employees across different departments, collecting data on the factors, impacts, leadership influences, and strategies related to organizational silence. The results provide valuable insights into the dynamics of communication and the challenges organizations face in fostering an open and communicative environment. The findings reveal that several factors contribute to organizational silence, including a lack of trust between employees and management, fear of negative consequences, hierarchical structures, and poor communication channels. Trust emerged as one of the most significant factors, with employees expressing a reluctance to speak up when they do not feel that their voices will be heard or respected. Additionally, fear of retaliation was identified as a significant barrier to open communication, with many employees worried about the potential repercussions of expressing their concerns.. Leadership was found to play a crucial role in either perpetuating or alleviating organizational silence. When leaders are open to feedback, actively listen to employees, and demonstrate clear and transparent communication, they can significantly reduce the occurrence of silence within the organization. The findings suggest that to mitigate the negative effects of silence, organizations must address the factors contributing to it by fostering trust, improving communication channels, and promoting a transparent leadership style. Implementing strategies such as regular communication forums, feedback mechanisms, and leadership training can help reduce organizational silence, leading to improved employee engagement, higher productivity, and enhanced corporate performance. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on organizational behavior and provides actionable recommendations for organizations seeking to improve their internal communication practices.

ABSTRACT<br><br> Malnutrition is a global problem, particularly due to unavailability and deficiencies of certain nutrients and minerals in staple foods. Peanut butter is widely consumed, whereas green peas are highly nutritious but underutilized. The study investigates the impact of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) fortification on the chemical, microbial, and sensory properties of peanut butter. The main objective was to enhance the nutritional value of peanut butter while maintaining acceptable sensory attributes and microbial safety. Peanut butter samples were produced using four formulations: 100% peanut (PPB), and peanut mixed with 1% (LPB), 3% (MPB), and 5% (RPB) roasted green peas. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition, vitamin E content, lipid stability (measured by peroxide value and free fatty acids), microbial quality over storage, and sensory acceptability using standard methods. Proximate results are in the range of (1.57-4.04) for moisture content, (25.78-36.24) which is the fat content in samples and this reduced on increasing addition of green peas. (2.52 - 4.11) was the range of values gotten for ash content, (2.33-3.70) range of values for crude fiber, the crude protein significantly increased with a rang of values between (21.10 -26.61), and (33.61-38.95) for carbohydrates, respectively. It shows an increasing trend, while slightly reducing fat content. The vitamin E content showed an increase within the range of (7.85-11.75). The (3% and 5%) green pea samples also demonstrated enhanced lipid stability and reduced microbial load over 8 weeks, attributed to antioxidant properties in green peas. Sensory evaluation revealed that the (3%) formulation (MPB) had the highest overall acceptability scoring (8.0) among panelists. In conclusion, green pea fortification at up to 3% provides a nutritionally superior and sensory-acceptable alternative to traditional peanut butter. This functional spread offers a sustainable, locally sourced solution to combat malnutrition, especially in low-resource settings.

This study examines the implications of digital technologies on the practice of journalism in South-South Nigeria. The researcher embarked on this study with the intent to assess the extent to which digital technologies have influenced the reach and audience engagement of traditional news media in South-South Nigeria; investigate the challenges and opportunities that digital technologies present for journalism in South-South Nigeria; examine the implications of digital technologies on the practice of journalism in South-South Nigeria. and ascertain journalists’ perception on the implications of digital technologies on journalism practice in Nigeria. Based on the objectives of this study, four research questions were formulated to serve as a guide for this study. The study was anchored on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technological Determinism Theory. The survey research design was adopted for this study, and data were collected through the use of questionnaire. Findings from the study reveal that digital technologies to a very high extent, have influenced the reach and audience engagement of traditional news media in South-South Nigeria, and that the widespread adoption of the internet, social media, and mobile technologies has transformed the way news is consumed, shared, and interacted with by the Nigerian audience. The study also reveals that digital era has disrupted traditional revenue streams for journalism, such as advertising. With the rise of online platforms, advertising dollars have shifted away from traditional media outlets to tech giants like Google and Facebook, leaving Nigerian journalists struggling to monetize their content effectively. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that Nigerian journalists should prioritize continuous learning and training in digital tools and platforms to effectively navigate the evolving landscape of digital journalism. This includes mastering social media usage, data journalism techniques, and multimedia storytelling.

ABSTRACT<br> The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of psychological contracts on employee performance in educational institutions. Psychological contracts are the unwritten and unspoken expectations that both employees and employers are bound to by one another. Employee performance is the effectiveness and efficiency with which an individual carries out their responsibilities and achieves desired outcomes. The main purpose was set as the effect of psychological contract on employee performance. Moreover, specific objective was used to identify the strength of the psychological contract, employee performance and the recommended solutions for build-up psychological contract on employee performance. This is a cross-sectional explanatory research in nature. A standard questionnaire was used to collect primary data through a survey. The respondents were the academic staff of Covenant University, validity and reliability, descriptive statistics of the sample, correlation and regression, was used to analyze the data and make conclusions. It was found that psychological contract significantly has an effect on employee performance and the other hypotheses don't. Based on the social exchange theory and psychological contract theory in order to get employee performance towards the work, employers should establish a proper culture, strong policies in career development, welfare, rewards system and the behaviour of immediate supervisors should pay attention to strengthen the psychological contract of employees towards the organization.

It is essential to formulate appropriate feeding pellets with the required nutrient compositions for poultry animals to meet the growing demand for protein through eggs and meat. Forming feed concentrates into pellet-mash requires a pelletizing machine, which is often expensive due to high import costs. This study developed a simple, affordable pelletizing machine using locally sourced materials. The COOI24m machine, comprising a frame, hopper, die roller, and 5.5 hp internal combustion engine, was operated at speeds of 950, 600, and 450 rpm. Results showed that pelletizing efficiency (Pe) increased from 70.3% to 84.6% as moisture content (MC) rose from 15.8% to 27.1%, but efficiency declined above 29.0%. Drying temperature significantly influenced pellet moisture and bulk density (P > 0.05). Weather conditions had minimal effect on pellet quality. The study concludes that the COOI24m pelletizer is efficient, cost-effective, and suitable for small-scale feed producers.

This study has demonstrated that acute sleep deprivation significantly impairs cognitive recognition in rats, as assessed using the NORT. The combined stress of sleep deprivation and peptic ulcer induction further exacerbated cognitive deficits, highlighting the compounded effects of these two stressors. Although recovery from sleep deprivation showed some improvements in cognitive recognition, it was clear that full restoration was not achieved, particularly in the presence of additional stressors such as peptic ulcers. The findings suggest that sleep deprivation and ulcer induction together have a detrimental effect on cognitive function, emphasizing the importance of sleep for maintaining cognitive health.<br><br> The study also demonstrated that acute sleep deprivation, in conjunction with peptic ulcer induction, significantly impacts oxidative stress markers in the brain, which in turn affects cognitive recognition functions. The recovery phase after sleep deprivation resulted in noticeable improvements in antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly SOD and thiol levels, which are crucial for combating oxidative damage.