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This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of oral hygiene among Science Laboratory Technology students at Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 200 respondents selected proportionally across academic levels. The results showed that the majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of oral hygiene, with 83% having received prior oral health education and 89.2% correctly identifying bleeding gums as a sign of periodontal disease. Attitudinal responses were largely positive, as 98.6% agreed that oral hygiene is essential to general health and 93.9% expressed willingness to advise peers on maintaining oral health. In terms of practices, most respondents brushed once or twice daily and predominantly used toothbrushes (over 80%) and fluoride toothpaste (above 70%) for cleaning. However, gaps were identified: a notable proportion brushed only once daily, fewer students practiced nighttime brushing, and preventive dental attendance was very low, with most visits occurring only during episodes of pain. Cultural practices such as the use of chewing sticks persisted among a minority of students. These findings highlight the discrepancy between oral health knowledge and actual practices, reflecting behavioral and systemic barriers to consistent oral care. The study concludes that while microbiology students possess adequate knowledge and positive attitudes toward oral hygiene, their practices remain inconsistent. It recommends the integration of oral health education into non-dental curricula, intensified awareness campaigns on proper brushing routines and preventive dental visits, and stronger collaboration with dental care providers to ensure affordable access for students.

In today’s digital era, cyber security education has become increasingly essential due to the rapid rise of cyber threats and online vulnerabilities. This project, titled “Mobile Cyber Security Learning App,” was developed to provide an easy, interactive, and accessible platform for students to learn the fundamentals of cyber security using their mobile devices. The application focuses on creating awareness and educating users on topics such as password security, phishing attacks, malware prevention, and safe internet practices.<br> <br> The system was developed using modern mobile development tools and technologies to ensure user-friendliness, efficiency, and responsiveness. It includes learning modules, assessments, and quizzes that help reinforce understanding of cybersecurity concepts. The app aims to simplify complex cybersecurity topics into clear, engaging lessons for students at all levels.<br> <br> The project demonstrates how technology can be leveraged to improve cybersecurity awareness, promote safe digital habits, and support academic learning in an interactive way. The result is a learning tool that can bridge the gap between cybersecurity theory and practical understanding, especially for students in tertiary institutions.

ABSTRACT<br> This research study is aimed at finding out weather cost minimization in a manufacturing company yield profit or not. with the particular attention to Ray'd global solution company limited, Kaduna. as the same time, it tries to determine the best possible way in which cost can be reduced. This research study is to evaluate the cost minimization strategies open to the staff and management of the Ray'd global solution company, which will in turn help the company to weather the storm of the turbulent economic situation as it exists in the country. In the course of carrying out this research, questionnaires and interviews were utilized in order to successful gather the needed data and reach a logical conclusion. The greatest constraints faced in the course of conducting this research is the high degree of confidentiality on the part of the company and delay in the feedback from the respondents. Based on this study, it has been discovered that most cost minimization techniques being practiced by the company is not as effective as it ought to. In this vein, soft drinks producers should double their effort to ensure that that cost minimization techniques are properly carried out, The population of this study is 80 and the sample size of this research work is 80.

This study examines the impact of education on Nigeria's economic growth and development between 1990 and 2020. It explores the role of educational policies and investment in the country's economic expansion, using qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The research found that Nigeria's economic growth has shown significant improvement over the past three decades, though this is attributable to a complex relationship between educational investment and economic outcomes. The findings indicate that while government expenditure on education has increased, the impact on human capital development and economic growth has been mixed, with recurrent expenditure dominating capital investment in the sector. The results reveal that recurrent expenditure on education has a positive but insignificant impact on economic growth, while capital expenditure shows a negative but insignificant relationship. However, both recurrent and capital expenditure have significant positive impacts on human capital development measured by school enrollment. The study also finds a persistent mismatch between educational outputs and labor market demands, with higher education institutions operating in isolation from industry needs. The study suggests that continued and more efficient investment in educational policy is necessary to support economic expansion, focusing on improving pre-university education, teacher preparation, specialized education programs, technology-driven training, and curriculum realignment with labor market demands. The Nigerian government should prioritize strategic investment in educational policy to create a highly educated and talented workforce, which is crucial for the country's sustained economic growth and development.<br> Key Words: Educational Policy, Economic Growth, Human Capital Development, Educational Expenditure, Labor Market, Nigeria

ABSTRACT<br> The increasing concerns over environmental pollution, human health risks, and pest resistance associated with synthetic pesticides have intensified the search for eco-friendly alternatives. This study aimed to produce and evaluate the pesticidal effectiveness of a biopesticide formulated from cow urine and garlic bulb extract against selected pests of bean crops. Fresh cow urine was combined with varying concentrations of garlic bulb (2.5 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 25 g per 100 mL) and fermented for fourteen days to obtain the biopesticide. The pesticidal activity was assessed on bean grains infested with weevils, bean plants infested with termites, and aphid-infested bean plants. A synthetic pesticide served as the standard control, while untreated samples served as negative controls. Insect mortality was monitored over a three-week period, and macroscopic observations were recorded for aphid infestation. The results revealed a significant, concentration-dependent, and time-dependent increase in insect mortality across all treated groups when compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). The highest garlic concentration (25 g) demonstrated the greatest efficacy, producing insect mortality rates comparable to the synthetic pesticide by the third week. Macroscopic assessment further showed reduced insect presence, minimal leaf damage, and absence of pod damage in treated plants. The findings indicate that cow urine–garlic biopesticide possesses strong pesticidal activity against both storage and field pests of beans and represents a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides for sustainable agricultural pest management

ABSTRACT <br> Drought stress is one of the major environmental constraints limiting maize yield particularly in <br> regions that depends on rain fed agriculture. In rise of this effect, this study was carried out to <br> evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of different maize varieties under water <br> stressed condition. The experiments involved three water regime treatments which are 100% water <br> field capacity (WFC) (Control), 50% (WFC) (moderate stress) and 25% (WFC) (severe stress). <br> Root biomass, number of roots, total chlorophyll, and relative water content (RWC) were all <br> determined using standard methods. The results showed significant (p

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigates the subsurface lithology and groundwater potential in Nimo and Enugwu-Agidi, Njikoka Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria, using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to address water scarcity. Six VES points were surveyed in January–March 2025 using the Schlumberger array, with apparent resistivity data processed to map geological layers and aquifer zones. Layered Earth models, generated with IPI2Win software, identified shallow aquifers (20–60 m, 15–30 m thick, 20–80 ohm-m) in VES 1, 2, and 4, suitable for borehole development, and deeper, thinner aquifers (80–120 m, 10–15 m thick) in VES 3 and 5, with a confined aquifer at 100 m in VES 6. Spatial mapping revealed a low-resistivity corridor across the study area, aligning with the Ameki Formation’s sandstone aquifers. The findings correlate with regional hydrogeological features, confirming VES’s effectiveness in delineating subsurface structures. Recommendations include targeting VES 1, 2, and 4 for cost-effective boreholes, with sustainable management to prevent overexploitation. The study contributes to groundwater resource planning in rural communities, offering a model for geophysical investigations in the Anambra Basin.

This study evaluates the effect of Intellectual Capital Disclosure on Firm Value of Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria for a period of ten (10) years (2015-2024). Longitudinal research design was employed in the study. The population of the study included all the listed oil and gas firms quoted on the Nigerian Exchange Group as at 31st December, 2024 with a sample size of eight (8) oil and gas firms from the population. The study relied on secondary sources of data which was obtained from Annual reports of sampled companies as provided by individual companies and Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG) website. Regression analysis was employed to validate the hypotheses. The findings reveled a significant positive effect of human capital disclosure, structural capital disclosure and relational capital disclosure on firm value of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends amongst others that Oil and gas firms in Nigeria should treat intellectual capital as an important business resource as it has a direct influence on Firms’ value.