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Plants have been tremendously utilized as a source of medicine, therefore this study aimed at investigating the biochemical  analyses and green synthesis characterization of Kalanchoe pinnata (miracle leaf) using its aqueous extract. The results of proximate composition revealed a nutrient-dense profile, the leaf of the plant also contained nutritionally valuable minerals while antinutrient assessment showed minimal content within the daily recommended allowance. The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethanol extracts showed the presence of some bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenol. The antioxidant evaluation demonstrated remarkable free radical scavenging abilities, high content of some antioxidant compounds. Antimicrobial evaluation of the aqueous extract and its synthesized nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs), copper (CuNPs) and zinc (ZnNPs) against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens showed remarkable inhibitory zones. FTIR analysis of the aqueous extract also revealed the presence of some functional groups such as phenolics, carboxylic acids, and amines while UV/Visible spectrophotometric scanning displayed intensive absorption of light by the inherent chemical substances of the aqueous and synthesised nanoparticle solutions. Bioinformatics approaches identified potential molecular targets for the bioactive compounds. Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities between key phytochemicals, such as citral, β-myrcene, and geraniol, and the SLC19A3 receptor, demonstrating their potentials as therapeutic agents. Molecular interaction studies further illustrated the compatibility of these compounds with active site  therapeutic potentials of the extract.

ABSTRACT<br><br> As edible insects gain popularity as an alternative protein source, for their complete integration <br><br> into the mainstream diet ensuring their microbiological safety is paramount. This study focuses <br><br> on the isolation and identification of bacteria from sundried crickets collected in Osara, Kogi <br><br> State, Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated from the sundried cricket sample using the pour plate <br><br> method on Nutrients Agar medium. The isolated bacteria were further characterized using <br><br> morphological and biochemical tests. Results revealed a bacterial count of 7,200,000 CFU/g <br><br> from the whole body and 88,700,000 CFU/g on the external body surfaces. Most of the <br><br> bacterial isolates (70 %) on NA had characteristics typical of members of Bacillus spp, <br><br> Lactobacillus spp, Enterococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp. The bacterial isolates from the <br><br> sundried crickets related to members of Bacillus spp. (28.6%), Staphylococcus spp (14.3%), <br><br> Lactobacillus spp (28.6%), Enterococcus spp (28.6%). This study concludes that while <br><br> sundried crickets can be a viable protein source, there are potential health risks due to bacterial <br><br> contamination, necessitating proper handling and preparation methods to ensure consumer <br><br> safety.

This study examines the impact of inventory control practices on organizational survival with particular emphasis on ten (10) selected oil companies. The main objective of this study is to investigate and ascertain areas of lapses by the company and offer effective ways and solutions in which the oil companies can explore the services of inventory control to effect its objectives. In carrying out this study, well-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents and a research design was adopted with a sample size of 100. The findings were tabulated, interpreted and then presented using pie charts. The statistical tool used for this work is Chi-square. The alternative hypothesis generated for the study was accepted while the null hypothesis was rejected. Results showed that the calculated chi-square of 2.97 was > the tabulated chi-square. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that inventory is vital in the oil companies. A well functional inventory control system can be assured based on recommendations from this study, can bring about proper control practices thereby enhancing proper and effective production which will enhance organizational survival and it will equally ensure the effective, efficient and adequate use of materials and resources in the oil companies.

Abstract<br><br> Nigeria’s national security architecture, encompassing institutions such as the<br><br> Department of State Services (DSS), the Nigerian Police Force, and the Armed Forces, is<br><br> designed to safeguard national stability and territorial integrity. However, the exercise of<br><br> these security powers has often generated tension with constitutionally protected human<br><br> rights. This study examines the intersection of national security and human rights in<br><br> Nigeria through the detention and ongoing trial of Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous<br><br> People of Biafra (IPOB). Using a qualitative case study approach, the research analyzes<br><br> legal documents, court rulings, and human-rights reports to evaluate whether the actions<br><br> of Nigerian security agencies conform to domestic and international legal standards. It<br><br> further explores the implications of Kanu’s alleged unlawful rendition from Kenya,<br><br> prolonged detention, and restricted access to fair trial guarantees. The paper argues that<br><br> weaknesses in institutional accountability and judicial oversight have contributed to<br><br> recurring rights violations under the pretext of national security. It concludes by<br><br> recommending reforms to strengthen oversight mechanisms, enhance compliance with due<br><br> process, and balance state security imperatives with the protection of individual freedoms.<br><br> Keywords: National security, Human Rights, Rule of law, Justice.

Human parasitic helminths pose a significant public health risk, majorly in developing regions where vegetables are mostly consumed raw or with little or no processing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of human parasitic helminthsamong vegetables sold in Sasa, Ojaoba and Ojude oga marketmarkets within Okebaale area of Osogbo, Osun state . A total of 150 vegetables, 50 from each markets were randomly selectedfrom different vendors and analyzed using using sedimentationand floatation technique. Data obtained was analyzed statistically using SPSS 20.0. The result revealed that Vernomiaamygdalina has the highest prevalence of parasitic contamination of 2(4%) in Sasa market,7(14%) in Oja obamarket and  7(14%) in Ojude oga market with a p value of 0.015 followed by Talinum triangulare with 2(4%) in Sasamarket,8(16%) in Oja oba market and 5(10%) in Ojude ogamarket with a p value of 0.031 and Allium fistulosum has the least prevalence of parasitic contamination of 1(2%) in Sasamarket,3(6%) in Oja oba market and 1(2%) in Ojude oga market with a p value of 0.127. Parasite with the highest prevalence is Ascaris lumbricoides with 14(28%) in Sasa market,11(22%) in Oja  oba market and 12(24%) in Ojude oga market with a p value of 0.712 followed by Taenia solium with 4(8%) in Sasamarket, 17(34%) in Oja oba market and 11(22%) in Ojude ogamarket withb a p value of 0,003 and Strongyloides stercoraliswith 0(0%) in Sasa market, 1(2%) in Oja oba market and 0(0%) in Ojude oga market with p value of 0.154. The contamination was significantly associated with poor hygiene practices, use of untreated wastewater for irrigation, and inadequate market sanitation. This study highlights the potential health hazards linked to the consumption of contaminated vegetables and emphasizes the need for public health interventions including improved market sanitation, improved public health education and safe irrigation practices.

The study evaluated the efficiency of different agro-waste formulations as substrates for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus sp. using cassava bagasse, plantain peel, and groundnut shaff in varying proportions. Four formulations (A, B, C, and D) were assessed, and lactic acid production was quantified using spectrophotometry. Results showed that Formulation C (45% cassava bagasse, 30% plantain peel, and 25% groundnut shaff) yielded the highest average lactic acid concentration (3.014 mg/L), while Formulation A (30% cassava bagasse, 50% plantain peel, and 20% groundnut shaff) had the lowest (3.004 mg/L). Hence, a higher proportion of cassava bagasse enhances lactic acid production, likely due to its high starch content, which supports microbial fermentation. The lower lactic acid yield in Formulation A could be attributed to the high fiber and polyphenol content of plantain peel, which could have inhibited Lactobacillus metabolism. The study emphasized the potential of agro-waste-based substrates in sustainable lactic acid production and indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation enhancers could further improve yield.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br> Mercury (Hg) exposure is a significant public health concern, and there is a need for effective interventions to mitigate its neurotoxic effects. Herbal tea has shown promise as a neuroprotective and neurorestorative agent, but its effects in the context of mercury exposure are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the neurorestorative potential of herbal tea (Ginger tea) in rat exposed to high and low dose of mercury. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 120-150g, were assigned into five groups, namely: Group 1 (Control group), Group 2 (100ppm of HgCl2), Group 3 (1000ppm of HgCl2), Group 4 (100ppm of HgCl2 induced + treated with Ginger tea), Group 5 (1000ppm of HgCl2induced + treated with Ginger tea). After experimental period, the animals were anesthetized with chloroform and dissected; blood and tissues were collected for experimental analysis. Result demonstrates the significant impact of mercury (HgCl2) exposure on the activities of AChE, BChE and Na+/K+ ATPase enzymes in rats. The rats exposed to HgCl2 showed a significant reduction (p

This study aimed at investigate the effect of library instruction programs in reducing plagiarism among students of library and information science at Bayero University, Kano.