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ABSTRACT Bryophyllum pinnatum, a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties, has been explored in this study for its potential to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), two critical targets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The bioactive compounds of Bryophyllum pinnatum were screened using GC-MS Analysis. The GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 7 flavonoids and 10 phenolic compounds from Bryophyllum pinnatum. Molecular docking was performed by maestro Schrödinger generation module 11.5. and visualized in Biovia Discovery Studio and PyMol, respectively and the 10 phenolic and 7 flavonoid compounds present in Bryophyllum pinnatum were evaluated for their binding affinity and inhibitory potential against DPP-4 and SGLT2. Molecular docking studies revealed the binding affinity of the flavonoids and phenolic compounds to range between -8.723 to -2.522 Kcal/mol and -9.346 to -5.088 Kcal/mol for Dipeptidyl peptidase -4 and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 respectively. Myricetin-3- glucoside, Cyanidin -3- glucosidase, Quercetin -3-O-B-D- glucosidase and Cyanidin showed higher binding affinity compared to the standard drugs, Alogliptin, Vildaglitpin and Sitagliptin for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 while 2,3,4- trihydroxybenzoic acid has a lower binding affinity when compared to the standard drugs canagliflozen, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. The interactions between the plant-derived compounds and the active sites of both enzymes, suggesting a promising inhibitory effect for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 than sodium glucose co-transporter 2. These Key compounds demonstrated high binding energies and favorable interactions, indicating their potential as inhibitors. This computational evaluation highlights the therapeutic promise of Bryophyllum pinnatum constituents in management of diabetes, warranting further experimental validation and development of these compounds into effective antidiabetic agent

<p>The study determined the effect of cinnamon oil on paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathic pain in drosophila melanogaster flies. N =20 drosophila melanogaster flies were divided in to two group. I-control, II- paclitaxel induced and treated with Cinnamon oil. an Independent T-test was used to analysed the two variables. Chemotherapy induced peripheral Neuropathic Pain is one of the painful side effects of taking paclitaxel chemotherapy drugs, which is hard to manage for the patient within the dose range, and in the clinical setting, there are no effective treatments available. This study aims to evaluate the potential impacts of cinnamon oil on thermal nociception and oxidative stress modulation in the rodent model of paclitaxel neuropathic pain using Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila larva were subjected to paclitaxel and treated with cinnamon oil. thermal nociception was evaluated by a hotplate assay at 38°C where the measured outcome was the aversive rolling latency. Measurement of oxidative stress was assessed by determining the superoxide dismutase activity via the Misra and Fridovich (1972) method. The data analysis using a t-test revealed that the cinnamon oil markedly decreased thermal hyperalgesia and increased superoxide dismutase activity, suggesting that it may have potential to reduce the effects of paclitaxel neuropathy overactive spurs through antioxidant actions. These results warrant further investigation of cinnamon oil as an adjunct treatment for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. Keywords: peripheral neuropathy, paclitaxel, cinnamon oil, Drosophila melanogaster, oxidative stress, thermal nociception.</p>

This study focused on “influence of working conditions on the performance of secretaries in public sector”. Case study of Osun State Ministries of Finance and Works, Abeere, Osogbo, Osun State. Descriptive survey research design used for the study. The population for the study comprised thirty (30) secretaries from the case study. No sample was made because of the manageable size of the population. Four (4) research questions guided the study: (1) What is the influence of working environment on the performance of secretaries in public sectors? (2) What is the influence of salaries and emoluments on the performance of secretaries in public sectors? (3) What is the influence of work ethics on the performance of secretaries in public sectors? (4) What is the influence of motivation on the performance of secretaries in public sectors? Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection from the respondents. Data collected was analysed using simple mean method. Based on the findings, the study concluded that good working conditions positively influenced the job performance of secretaries to a very great extent. The study therefore recommends that employers should provide conducive and well equipped with welfare facilities to improve secretaries’ health, moral and commitment.

Malnutrition remains a major global health challenge, especially in developing regions. This study examined the effects of soyabean-rich multigrain powder (Sabaya) on the nutritional status of malnourished albino rats. The Sabaya formulation, made from wheat, white rice, sesame, groundnut, millet, soybeans, and fenugreek, was analyzed for proximate and mineral composition using standard AOAC methods. Twelve albino rats were divided into control, malnourished, and Sabaya-treated groups and fed for four weeks. Proximate results revealed high protein (20.57%), carbohydrate (50.89%), and moderate fat (17.91%) levels, while mineral analysis showed rich calcium, iron, and magnesium contents. Rats treated with Sabaya exhibited significant weight gain and improved lipid profiles compared to malnourished rats (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that soyabean-rich Sabaya provides balanced nutrition capable of promoting weight gain and enhancing metabolic health. Therefore, Sabaya powder can serve as an affordable dietary intervention for underweight and malnourished individuals.

Carbonated drinks are non-alcoholic drinks containing carbonated water, sweeteners and at times caffeine. They are the most consumed soft drink among students generally. This study is made to examine the knowledge and effects of carbonated drinks on the academic performance of chemistry students in Okehi Local Government Area Kogi State, Nigeria. The theoretical review was based on the Transtheorethical Model (TTM). The descriptive survey research design was adopted and samples used for the study were made up of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents. A self-constructed questionnaire using yes or no questions, and four point likert scale rating of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree was utilized for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 with descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentage. Findings revealed that majority 77.3% of the students have good knowledge of the components of carbonated drinks. Majority of the respondents demonstrated a favorable attitude towards the consumption of carbonated drinks. Also, a large population of the respondents are unaware of the effects of carbonated drinks on their health. Among the recommendations are Effective public health education regarding the long-term adverse effects of carbonated drinks on health and academic performance through the media and other information disseminating platforms. Parent should strictly monitor the consumption of carbonated drinks at home by placing a limit on the amount to be consumed by the child weekly or monthly.

ABSTRACT This study examined “the role of Women Participation in Rural Development (A Case Study of Etsako West Local Government, Auchi, Edo State)” Women participation in Rural Development has been generally less than encouraging despite their numerical strength in the global world. Rural women’s involvement in development has been the focus of intensive debates at most national and international forums in the past years. Data for the study were gotten from the primary and secondary source and A sample size of 92 was drawn from the entire population using simple random sampling techniques. Also, hypotheses were formulated and tested using the chi-square. The findings reveal that there is a yawning gap in the level of involvement of male and female gender in the development of the Nigerian society especially in the political economy of the country. It concluded that the less involvement of the female folk has contributed in no small measure to the backwardness of the country despite the enormous resources with which the country is endowed. The study recommended that government in partnership with Rural Development partners should not only encourage the women to be proactive in grassroots politics, progammes and projects, they should provide modern farm implements such as tractors, planters, harvesters etc to the rural women farmers and also educate them on how to use these implements to enhance their production since the lives of millions of Nigerians depend heavily on proceeds from agriculture.

ABSTRACT This study empirically examined the relationship between financial sector development and the Nigerian economy using annual time series data from 1993 to 2022. The variables adopted for measuring financial sector development include; financial deepening, monetary policy rate, stock market capitalization and all share index, whereas, gross domestic product was used to measure the Nigerian economy. Time series data used for the study were obtained mainly from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin 2022 edition. The result of the study established that a noteworthy negative relationship emerges between financial deepening and gross domestic product, signifying that an increase in financial deepening adversely affects the Nigerian economy. Secondly, the examination of the monetary policy rate displays a negative but inconsequential association with gross domestic product. This implies that changes in the monetary policy rate have an insignificant negative impact on Nigeria's economy. On a different note, a positive relationship was identified between stock market capitalization and gross domestic product. This suggests that the expansion of stock market capitalization significantly bolsters the Nigerian economy. Additionally, the findings unveil a substantial positive relationship between the all-share index and gross domestic product, highlighting the constructive impact of the all-share index on the Nigerian economy. The study further recommends that the growth of the money and capital markets be prioritized by macroeconomic managers in Nigeria to improve the level of economic growth. The study further recommends that there exists a critical necessity to introduce focused policy interventions aimed at narrowing the gap between the formal and informal sectors in Nigeria.

The study focused on the challenges facing community journalism in Nigeria. The essence of the study is to see how community journalist can bring development to rural area and how they struggle through the hurdles of the profession in the quest to attaining the objectives of community journalism. The study used survey design. Out of the 200,000 population in Uzairue, the purposive sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 400 respondent from the entire population. The study concluded that the community journalists are left with the responsibility to bring development to the region despite the limited resources available to them. This means that they experience financial challenges and also low equipment which is usually needed to help them report well. The study recommended that since over 70% of Nigerian population live in the rural areas and produce the greatest wealth of the nation, the rural areas should be accorded more recognition in terms of budgetary provisions and provision of social and economic amenities and the community journalist should help create that enlightenment campaign.