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The research topic is The aim of the study is the review on the determination of aquifer properties using vertical electrical sounding method, this research was found to be very interesting as it covered all the important aspect of resistivity survey as a method of geophysics, this research was able to cover the concept of resistivity, the method and procedures of conducting the resistivity survey as well as the various type of electrode configuration of the resistivity method that can be used in the field which include the wenner configuration, the Schlumberger configuration, the dipole dipole configuration, and others.

The study was on the evaluation of antimicrobial property of Bryophylum pinnata. Healthy fresh<br> samples of the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnata were airdried in a room (to retain the green colouration)<br> for six (6) weeks; the dried leaves were blended into powder. The extracts of Bryophyllum pinnata were<br> made from the dried leaves and tested against Klebsiella and Streptococcus. The result from<br> antimicrobial sensitivity testing of Bryophyllum pinnata leaf extracts revealed that both extracts<br> (ethanol and water) had inhibitory effects against the pathogenic microorganisms tested. The plant<br> extracts showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the microorganisms. The highest concentration of 100%<br> extracts had the highest inhibition as the concentration was reduced, the zone of inhibition also reduced.<br> Based on the result of this research, further work should be done to purify and characterize these<br> bioactive substances in B. pinnatum to identify the main active ingredient in a bid to transform this into<br> a drug and the dose be known.

The survival and prosperity of any organization private, public or government largely depends on the effectiveness of its internal control system as monitored by its audit department or unit. This research work is an attempt to review thoroughly if there exist at all effectively and efficient internal control systems and procedure in the manufacturing company (Niger River Basin). Any organization where internal system is missing will be like a window dressing organization.<br> The ancient records of accounting were confirmed principally to the public account but there was a clear indication that from early dates, it was customary to audit the accounts of manors and estates. The, person whose duty jaws to make such an examination of account become known as AUDITOR.

ABSTRACT<br> 10<br> Cybersecurity breaches increasingly jeopardize firm value and investor confidence, <br> especially in emerging markets. This study assesses how announced cyber incidents impact <br> stock performance among listed telecommunication firms in West Africa—specifically <br> Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire. Employing an event‑study methodology, the <br> research analyzes daily stock returns using a market model over a 120‑day estimation <br> window, focusing on a narrow event window (–5 to +5 days post‑breach). Key variables <br> include short‑term abnormal returns, cumulative abnormal returns, and firm compliance <br> with cybersecurity standards. The findings reveal consistently negative abnormal returns <br> immediately following breach announcements, averaging declines of 3–5%, closely <br> mirroring global trends. The severity of stock impacts is significantly mediated by breach <br> characteristics—such as data theft or downtime—and by firms’ adherence to standards. <br> Firms with documented compliance exhibit faster reversals and shallower price drops, <br> demonstrating effective risk mitigation. Long‑term analysis shows mixed outcomes, while <br> half the firms recovered within six months, others suffered sustained valuation losses, <br> particularly those with repeat or severe breaches—highlighting a “trust erosion” effect. <br> These results have critical implications for regulators, investors, and telecom organizations. <br> They underscore the need for stronger cybersecurity policies, transparent breach reporting, <br> and investor-focused communication strategies to enhance market confidence. Future <br> research should explore the role of cybersecurity insurance and board‑level governance in <br> modulating market reaction. Overall, the study affirms that cybersecurity breaches <br> materially influence firm valuation in West Africa, reinforcing the vital role of cyber <br> resilience in emerging market corporate finance.

This study aims to assess the bacterial contamination in bottled soft drinks sold in Auchi <br> Town, Nigeria. Bottled soft drinks are widely consumed, and ensuring their microbiological <br> safety is crucial for public health. Samples of bottled soft drinks were randomly collected <br> from various retail outlets in Auchi Town. The samples were subjected to microbiological <br> analysis to detect and quantify bacterial contamination. Standard plate count methods were <br> used to isolate bacteria, followed by morphological and biochemical tests to identify the <br> bacterial species present. The analysis revealed the presence of bacterial contaminants in <br> several bottled soft drink samples. Identified bacteria included species such as <br> Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The contamination levels varied among <br> different brands and batches, indicating potential issues with manufacturing processes or <br> storage conditions. The presence of bacterial contaminants in bottled soft drinks poses a <br> significant health risk to consumers. These findings highlight the need for stringent quality <br> control measures in the production and distribution of bottled soft drinks. Regulatory <br> agencies should enforce stricter hygiene standards and conduct regular inspections to ensure <br> the safety of these beverages. This study provides important insights into the microbiological <br> safety of bottled soft drinks in Auchi Town and underscores the necessity for ongoing <br> monitoring and quality assurance.

Leadership is a complex concept that involves a process of different types of actions and developing several styles. It plays an important role in organizations. It is a type of power that has the ability to influence someones behaviors or attitudes. In order to achieve organizational goals, leaders are expected to lead their employees toward a great performance and motivate them,therefore they utilize different leadership styles depending on the situations that they face. This study has the objective of examining the impact of leadership style on employee performance and motivation at Harvey road general hospital yaba Lagos. It focuses on how Harvey road general hospital can impact or influence the job performance and motivation of their employee. It shows the perspective and validation of numerous observable facts and figure.<br> The research design used for this study was a descriptive research design. The descriptive survey design was selected because it enables a researcher to identify the peculiar characteristics of a given population and allows researcher to present them in a logical and analytical way. Data gathered was analyzed through tables and simple percentage procedures for data analysis and presentation.<br> The conclusion drawn from the study indicated that there are still limitations in regard to an effective leadership style that can boost the performance of employees. The study showed that leadership style can definitively impact the performance of employees. When a leader engages employees and values their opinions during the decision-making process, their productivity is likely to increase as they feel that their inputs are considered. Employees therefore feel appreciated. This kind of leaders behavior motivates employees and improves their performance. Meanwhile, a leaders lack of right behavior to manage employees can negatively affect their performance. Employees will be less willing to give their best, which can lead to difficult work relationships.

ABSTRACT<br><br> T h i s s t u d y i n v e s t i g a t e s t h e i m p a c t o f c o l o r o n t h e s a l e s o f f a s h i o n a b l e p r o d u c t s<br><br> i n A l e s h i n l o y e M a r k e t , I b a d a n , a p o p u l a r m a r k e t k n o w n f o r d i v e r s e f a s h i o n i t e m s .<br><br> C o l o r i s a k e y e l e m e n t i n c o n s u m e r p u r c h a s i n g d e c i s i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h e<br><br> f a s h i o n i n d u s t r y w h e r e i t i n f l u e n c e s b o t h a e s t h e t i c s a n d e m o t i o n a l r e s p o n s e s . T h e<br><br> r e s e a r c h e x p l o r e s h o w d i f f e r e n t c o l o r s a f f e c t c o n s u m e r p r e f e r e n c e s , a n d h o w<br><br> t h e y u l t i m a t e l y i n f l u e n c e p u r c h a s i n g d e c i s i o n s . U s i n g a m i x e d - m e t h o d s a p p r o a c h ,<br><br> t h e s t u d y c o l l e c t e d q u a n t i t a t i v e d a t a t h r o u g h s u r v e y s d i s t r i b u t e d t o b o t h<br><br> c u s t o m e r s a n d f a s h i o n r e t a i l e r s i n A l e s h i n l o y e M a r k e t . T h e f i n d i n g s r e v e a l t h a t<br><br> c e r t a i n c o l o r s a r e s t r o n g l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t hp a r t i c u l a r f a s h i o n s e a s o n s , o c c a s i o n s ,<br><br> a n d c u s t o m e r d e m o g r a p h i c s , s i g n i f i c a n t l y i m p a c t i n g s a l e s . W a r m a n d b r i g h t<br><br> c o l o r s l i k e r e d , y e l l o w , a n do r a n g e w e r e f o u n d t o b e m o r e a t t r a c t i v e d u r i n g f e s t i v e<br><br> p e r i o d s , w h i l e n e u t r a l c o l o r s l i k e b l a c k , w h i t e , a n d b e i g e a r e p r e f e r r e d f o r<br><br> e v e r y d a y w e a r .

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of non-monetary reward on employees’ performance on the banking industry in Nigeria using First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Bida branch as a study. The objective of this study is to identify the channel through which monetary policy influences the performance and profitability of first bank of Nigeria Plc. industries, Bida, Niger State. Methodology adopted in this research was primary and secondary sources. Tools used for research is chi-square to analyze the research hypothesis. It was presented on a tabular form and analyzed in percentages. It is concluded that employees’ not receiving non-monetary rewards that has positive impact on employees in the banking industry of First Bank of Nigeria, Plc. Bida branch have low positive attitude in the workplace towards their job and performance than those who receive. Banking industry has an increasingly competitive environment, so by revising their non-monetary reward policies that has positive influence on employee attitude and performance; they can help retain their employees. It was recommended that there should be effective and sustainable monetary policy capable of ensuring growth and development in the banking sectors should be adopted; and management of First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Bida branch should adopt a clearly laid out promotion scheme for the employees in the industry. Since promotion was ranked first among the non-monetary incentives, proper policies should be implemented to enable fair promotions to uplift the employee motivations.