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ABSTRACT<br><br> The study was on the assessment of fuel subsidy removal on cost of accommodations in Anyigba Metropolis. The general objective of the study is to establish the cost correlation of fuel subsidy removal and high cost of accommodation in Anyigba Metropolis. The methodology of the study obtained data from primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were distributed to the target of the study and the collected data was analyzed with percentage method and the instrument of Chi-Square analysis. The study revealed that the removal of the fuel or petroleum subsidy has made house owners and their agents in Anyigba to arbitrarily jack-up the house rents due to increase material cost for house building, house maintenance and other issues connected therewith. The study therefore recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria reconsider the negative implications of fuel subsidy removal policy especially as it relates to housing as the basic need of man as well as put in place alternative housing measures or programmes to help cushion the economic burden on the residents of Anyigba town in particular and Nigerians in general.

ABSTRACT<br> <br> This study examined the influence of instructional materials on the academic performance of senior secondary school students in History in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. Instructional materials are essential tools used by teachers to facilitate effective teaching and enhance students’ understanding of subject matter. These materials include textbooks, charts, maps, audio-visual aids, and digital resources which help to make learning more concrete, practical, and engaging.<br> <br> The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised all senior secondary school students offering History in selected public secondary schools within Calabar Municipality. A sample of students and History teachers was selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and achievement test, and analyzed using statistical methods such as mean scores, standard deviation, and chi-square.<br> <br> Findings revealed that the availability and effective utilization of instructional materials significantly influence students’ academic performance in History. Students taught with adequate and appropriate instructional materials performed better than those taught without them. The study also found that lack of instructional materials, poor utilization by teachers, and inadequate funding negatively affect the teaching and learning of History.<br> <br> These findings are consistent with previous studies which indicate that instructional materials enhance students’ comprehension, retention, and academic achievement when properly utilized in the teaching-learning process .<br> <br> The study concluded that instructional materials play a vital role in improving students’ academic performance in History. It was therefore recommended that government and school authorities should provide adequate instructional materials, teachers should be trained on their effective use, and schools should encourage improvisation where standard materials are not available.

Background: The African Palm Squirrel is a unique and lesser-studied species within the rodent family. Investigating its morphometrics and biochemical profile can provide valuable insights into the species' health, adaptability, and potential vulnerabilities. Method: Squirrels (n = 20) were used for this study which were recovered from the study areas. Traps were positioned at where they are often seen and monitored from morning to evening time to see if there is a catch. Squirrel caught were kept in a basket and were catered for and were released after use. The morphometric measurements were obtained using accurately calibrated rule. Biochemical tests analyzed using ELISA methods. Results: The head length ranged between<br> 5.0 cm and 7.5 cm (6.38 ± 0.81 cm), full body length between 41.0 and 51.0 cm (47.05 ± 2.24 cm), and fore and hind limbs were 6.0 – 10.0 cm and 6.5 – 12.0 cm respectively. Their mean body weight was 300.00 ± 53.52 g (range: 147.0 – 357.0 g). Apart from the mean body weight, males were apparently not physical different in body size from the female. On the average, male weighed significantly more than female (332.64 ± 22.11 g vs. 260.11 ± 54.19 g, t = 3.77, p = 0.00357). All the body length measurements were not significantly different in magnitude between male and female squirrels. The profile of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were 42.50 ± 2.74 (38.0 – 48.0 IU/L), 58.75 ± 4.04 (50.0 – 66.0 IU/L), 107.95 ± 3.20<br> (102.0 – 113.0 IU/L), and 92.80 ± 3.99 (86.0 – 98.0 IU/L) respectively. Total protein (TP) was<br> 4.62 – 6.92 mg/dl (6.00 ± 0.60 mg/dl). The glucose concentration was between 64.0 and 88.0 mg/dl (77.75 ± 6.64 mg/dl). Urea and creatinine concentrations were 77.45 ± 4.33 mg/dl and<br> 4.61 ± 0.75 mg/dl respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female in the magnitude of any of the ten selected serum biochemical (p > 0.05). A bivariate significant positive linear relationship existed between tail length and full body length (r = 0.58), and a negative linear relationship between tail length and forelimb length (r = - 0.68) (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between any two of the other morphometric variables. Conclusion: In this study on the morphometrics and biochemical profile of the African palm squirrel (Epixerus ebii), several key findings have emerged, shedding light on the physical characteristics and physiological parameters of this species.

ABSTRACT<br> Artificial Intelligence (Al) is revolutionizing education, offering innovative solutions to enhance<br> learning outcomes and align educational practices with the demands of Industry 4.0. This study<br> investigates the integration of Al technologies in Building Technology Education at Aliko Dangote<br> University of Science and Technology, Wudil. Using a descriptive survey design, data were<br> collected from 120 participants, including students and lecturers, through structured<br> questionnaires. Findings reveal that Al tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM).<br> virtual simulations, and augmented reality significantly improve student engagement, practical<br> skills, and conceptual understanding. However, challenges such as limited access to Al tools.<br> inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient training for educators hinder effective integration. The<br> study recommends institutional investment, educator training, and policies to ensure equitable<br> access to Al technologies. This research contributes to knowledge by providing a framework for<br> Al integration in technical education and addressing ethical considerations like data privacy and<br> algorithmic bias. Suggestions for future research include exploring long-term impacts of AT<br> adoption and strategies for implemeniction in resource-constrained contexts.<br> Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Building Technology Education, Industry 4.0, Building<br> Information Modeling (BIM), Virtual Simulations, Augmented Reality, Educational Technology,<br> Skill Development, Ethical AI Integration, Technical Education.

Routine immunization serves a pivotal role in effectively mitigating child mortality resulting from <br> diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) has <br> disclosed that immunization is anticipated to avert approximately 3 million lives on a worldwide <br> scale annually. Rural communities are characterized by significant marginalization, particularly in <br> terms of access to healthcare treatments, such as immunization programmes. This highlights the <br> necessity of evaluating the rates of immunization coverage and determining the factors that impact <br> the acceptance of routine immunization services in these marginalized regions. Hence, the <br> objective of this research is to evaluate the perceived determinants that influence the utilization of <br> childhood immunization services among mothers residing in certain communities within the Moro <br> Local Governments Area of Kwara State. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional <br> design, in which a sample of 350 women with children under the age of 5 years from the study <br> population was included. The data was collected by the utilization of a semi-structured <br> questionnaire and thereafter subjected to analysis employing fundamental statistical <br> methodologies, including frequencies, percentages, and chi-square analysis. The researcher <br> utilized a significance level of p=0.05. <br> Approximately 40.3% of the participants fell within the age range of 33 to 40 years. Additionally, <br> 31.7% and 28.0% of the respondents were aged between 25 and 32 years, and 18 and 24 years, <br> respectively. In terms of the age of the participants' children, it was found that 44.9% fell between <br> the age range of 3-5 years, while the remaining 55.1% were 2 years old or younger. Approximately <br> 52.3% of the participants' offspring were male, whereas 47.7% were female. The majority of <br> participants (81.1%) indicated that they have administered immunizations to their infants, whilst <br> a minority (18.9%) reported not having immunized their infants. In terms of childhood <br> immunization, it was observed that 34.8% of the participants reported that their children had <br> received all the recommended immunizations, whereas 46.3% reported that their children had <br> received only some of the recommended immunizations. In terms of the understanding of <br> immunization, a significant majority of the respondents, specifically 90.9% and 85.4%, expressed <br> agreement with the notion that vaccination is necessary for maintaining the health of children and <br> protecting them from life-threatening diseases. Furthermore, it was observed that respondents <br> acknowledged the existence of specific vaccines tailored to combat different diseases for the <br> purpose of immunization. In general, the findings indicate that a significant majority of the <br> respondents, specifically 88.9%, possessed a commendable level of information regarding the <br> adoption of immunization. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of the respondents, namely <br> 92.0%, exhibited a positive attitude towards immunization. Regarding the perceived factors <br> influencing the utilization of childhood immunization services, a notable proportion of <br> participants, specifically 14.6% and 12.0%, cited a busy schedule and unavailability of vaccines <br> as reasons for not vaccinating their children, respectively. Therefore, it is imperative for the <br> government to devise a comprehensive strategy aimed at enhancing the consistent accessibility of <br> vaccines, materials, and equipment in Nigeria. This measure is crucial in order to facilitate the <br> efficient and successful implementation of immunization services and activities throughout the <br> nation.

ABSTRACT<br> A subsidy is defined as any measure that keeps prices for a good or product below market level for consumers or producers. Data for the study were sourced through primary and secondary sources of data collection. The study reviews some scholarly views on the subject matter under the literature. This study is descriptive in nature. The survey and documentary research designs were used in the conduct of this study. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted to obtain the data used in the study. The qualitative data was obtained through interview. One hundred and twenty (120) Participants were involved in the interview. Participants were selected from Tarauni local government areas in Kano State. The criteria for the selection of participants are: gender, occupation, age and education. Data collected were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed simple percentage and table in the study. The findings and recommendations were highlighted in the study.

ABSTRACT<br> Thermoluminescent dosimeter and optically stimulated dosimeter in the research area is the most used personal dosimeters used by radiographers to monitor their radiation dose absorbed. Therefore, it is necessary to compare their sensitivity to radiations as the radiographers carry out their duty. The dosimeters readings of 5 radiographers in Enugu from July ,2023 to August, 2023 showed that the mean dose for the TLD and OSLd was 0.05mSv and 0.31 mSv, respectively. The total dose recorded by the tld was 0.25 and 1.55msv was the total dose recorded after two weeks of usage. The result of the research work showed that optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter measured higher radiation dose on each radiographer when compared with radiation doses measured by thermoluminescent dosimeter. From the results of the research, it agrees with the results got from Omaima Essad et al., Rani M. Al-Senan et al., Stephen et al., Zidouh et al., Branets et al., Issa R.H., Paul A. Jursinic, Yukihara et al., Dunn et al., Wesolowska et al., Raras et al., and Kerns et al. which stated that optically stimulated dosimeter is more sensitive than thermoluminescent dosimeter. It is also inferred from the data that the radiographer identified by the Chip id, NOHE 1, was exposed to the highest amount of radiation amongst others when using the optically stimulated dosimeter dose to compare. This may have been because of factors like poor radiation protection or improper handling by the radiographer.

Agriculture was the life wire of the Nigerian economy in the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Before the discovery of crude oil the Nigerian economy was practically depending on agriculture. This essential sub-structure of the economy covers a wide range of production activities, which gave rise to the development of indigenous industries, like soap making industry and palm production among others. The palm oil industry forms a basic foundation for the growth and development of the Nigerian economy in general and the Igalaland in particular. The industry serves as one of the major sectors that made the economy of Igalaland to thrive in the colonial and post-colonial period. This research work shall therefore examine the role of the industry in the economy, the trend, organization of production and the neglect suffered by the industry in recent times.<br><br>