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Bullying among adolescents has been widely recognized as a significant factor contributing to mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression. This study investigates the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) in reducing anxiety and depression among inschool adolescent victims of bullying. A survey research design was employed, involving a sample of 100 secondary school students who had experienced bullying. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring levels of anxiety and depression before and after therapy sessions. The study employed statistical analyses such as descriptive statistics and t-tests to compare the impact of CBT and RET. Hypotheses were tested to determine the statistical significance of the interventions. Findings revealed that both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced anxiety and depression, with CBT demonstrating a more immediate effect on anxiety reduction, while RET proved to have a long-term impact on self-esteem and emotional resilience. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on adolescent mental health interventions and underscores the importance of integrating CBT and RET into school counseling programs to mitigate the psychological effects of bullying<br> Keywords: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Rational Emotive Therapy, Anxiety,<br> Depression, Bullying, Adolescents

ABSTRACT<br> <br> This study investigated the availability and utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of Biology in senior secondary schools in Idemili North Education Zone of Anambra state. Four research questions guided the study. The research design was a descriptive survey design. The population used for the study comprised of 56 biology teachers from 31 public secondary schools using purposive random sampling techniques. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Instrument for data collection was a structured pattern questionnaire which was developed by researchers. The instrument for data collection was validated by two experts from biology department and one expert from Measurement and Evaluation and Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe. The major findings were a follows: That instructional materials needed by biology teachers are inadequate and are also usually expensive for biology teachers to acquire. That biology teacher utilized instructional materials to demonstrate specific skills and also to enhance students understanding of the lessons. That lack of technical know-how militates against the effective use of resource materials in teaching biology. That instructional material plays a role in improving academic performance of students. Based on these findings recommendations were made; one of which is that government should provide necessary funding to schools which will help in acquiring instructional materials needed by teachers in teaching and learning of Biology.

Conflict is a persistent situation of serious disagreement in opposing ideas or wishes, which makes preference of one to the other difficult. The word ‘contradictory' simply means "mutually opposed or inconsistent”. It also means a proposition so related to a second is impossible for both to be true or for both to be false.[ Gilbert Nnadike&Anor. v Jude AfesenfuwaNwachukwu (2008) SC/237.]<br> Conflicting court orders are final or interim orders or decisions of courts of coordinate jurisdiction, or of different divisions in the same court hierarchy both of which contradict each other in respect of the same subject matter. Conflicting court orders may not necessarily conflict with any particular previous order of court. They may be calculated to contradict clear provisions of the Constitution, statutes or regulations.<br> They could also be targeted at contradicting existing precedent in a case previously decided by an appellate court on the subject matter, even where there is no compelling reason whatsoever to contradict such precedence. Where this happens, the age long legal principle of judicial precedence (expressed in Latin as stare decisis et non quiet amovare) is jeopardized and needlessly undermined.

Thus study examines the causes and effects of corruption within the public service sector in Nigeria, focusing specifically on the Lapat Division Police Section. Corruption remains a significant challenge in Nigeria, undermining public trust and hindering effective governance and development. Through a qualitative approach that combines interviews, surveys, and observational techniques, this research explores the pervasive nature of corrupt practices within the police force, identifying key drivers such as inadequate compensation, lack of accountability, socio-cultural influences, and systemic inefficiencies. The findings indicate that corruption not only erodes the integrity of public service institutions but also adversely affects community safety, public resources, and overall societal wellbeing. By shedding light on these issues, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about reforming public service institutions in Nigeria, offering recommendations for policy changes that could promote transparency, enhance publie trust, and improve the functionality of the security apparatus.<br> Keywords: corruption, public service, Nigeria, Lapai Division, police, governance, accountability, reform

This study examines the ability of large language models (LLMs) to translate English noun phrases into Yorùbá, a low-resource African language characterised by complex tone and morphology. While LLMs like ChatGPT and Claude have demonstrated general success in multilingual tasks, their ability to handle specific linguistic features, such as number, possession, and tonal marking in Yorùbá, has not been well-studied. This research addresses that gap by focusing specifically on the translation of noun phrases.<br> The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods. One hundred English sentences and their Yorùbá equivalents were collected from JW.ORG. From these, 50 noun phrases were extracted and translated using eleven LLMs: ChatGPT, Claude, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, AI Chat, POE AI, Perplexity, YouChat, SIDER AI, Monica, and MUME AI. The translations were then compared with the human-translated Yorùbá phrases from the original JW.ORG corpus. The analysis followed a typological and error-based approach, identifying patterns of mistranslation and structural deviation. The study also applied elements of translation theory and LLM prompting techniques.<br> The results show that while LLMs are capable of producing fluent Yorùbá, many translations fail to capture key grammatical features such as plurality, definiteness, and tone. Some models, such as Claude and ChatGPT, performed better than others, particularly in terms of lexical accuracy and sentence fluency. However, even the best-performing systems frequently omitted tonal markings and misunderstood possessive or complex noun phrases. Translation errors were more common in culturally specific or semantically dense phrases.<br> In conclusion, LLMs still have significant limitations in handling morphosyntactic detail and tonal clarity in Yorùbá noun phrase translation. The study recommends the creation of diacritic-sensitive evaluation tools, fine-tuning LLMs on Yorùbá corpora, and integrating human post-editing or hybrid systems. These steps would improve translation accuracy and promote the development of language technology for under-resourced African languages.<br> Keywords: Large Language Models (LLMs), Yoruba Translation, Machine Translation, Morphosyntactic Analysis, Low-Resource Languages

Mobile phones are widely used in the world. While people have to be connected to one another, there are situations or places where there usage is to be prohibited either due to the security reasons or it may cause health hazards. Cell phone detection has been on investigation for a long time. There are techniques which have been formulated or proposed on how cell phones can be detected. Most of them use the features such as audio system, RF system and common materials of the phones and try to look into how they can be used as basis to detect mobile phones. This project utilizes the RF system of the cell phone as the feature to be used to detect its presence. A circuit that detects signals of the range 0.9GHz to 3GHz is used to detect a cell phone when idle and when in use. When the signal is detected, an LED blinks and buzzer beep to indicate the usage of a cell phone within a radius of 0.9metres, and 10 to 12metres respectively.<br> Keywords: design construction active phone signal detector

ABSTRACT<br> This study examines the history of blacksmith in local industry, a case study of Brigade Market,<br> Nassarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. The sources used in the research were mainly<br> oral interviews, supplemented by some written documents. The early establishment of the market<br> began at at Yan kaji opposite kwanar kifi before relocating to Brigade Gama Market. The<br> activities of Brigade Blacksmith began in 1974 a year after the establishment of the market. The<br> activities started with a small group of people who were residence of the area. To them<br> blacksmithing was an inherited occupation from their family trait, children from early age mostly<br> from ten years started to part take in the occupation. Smith plays a crucial role in our daily lives<br> of many people throughout history. They are considered cornerstones of society due to their close<br> association with food production, tool making, and farming implements.

ABSTRACT<br> Candies are confectionaries which cover not only pure sugar concoctions but also includeanarray of tasty ingredients. Mostly sold at local market and schools with very highpupil<br> population at very cheap price. The research was aimed at assessing the bacteriological qualityofAlawar madara sold in Rufaidah Yoghurt center Kano Metropolitan. Because of their publichealth importance. Some locally-made candies comprising of Alawar madara (Milkcandy)collected from 15 Rufaidah Yoguhrt center in Kano Metropolitan were microbiologicallyexamined for their bacterial loads respectively. It was observed that H has the highest meanbacterial and coliform counts of 6.2x10<br> 5 also has the coliform count of 24/ml. The bacterial<br> isolates identified from the samples were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonellaand Lactobacillus to contamination from the candy producers, vendors or the rawmaterials used. The presence of these bacteria serves as potential health risk to the pupils and the general<br> population at large.