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ABSTRACT<br> The main aim of this work is to build a speed detection system for vehicles on the highway. Accidents due to rash driving on highways are on the rise and people are losing their lives because of others' mistakes. It is necessary to solve this problem through an electronic circuit. This work describes an over-speed detection system for vehicles. **The system is designed using two IR sensors placed a fixed distance apart and an Arduino UNO microcontroller that calculates vehicle speed based on the time interval between sensor activations. It performs reliably by displaying real-time speed on an LCD and triggering an audible alarm when the preset speed limit (50 km/h) is exceeded.** This system will come in handy for highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display of a vehicle's speed but also sound an alarm when the vehicle exceeds the speed limit for the highway.

This project presents the design and construction of a single-phase automatic changeover switch (ACS) for domestic applications, incorporating three major features: automatic source transfer, overload protection, and power metering. The system was designed to interface with two power sources, the utility grid and a backup generator, ensuring uninterrupted supply to household loads. The control circuit employed 12V DC relays and timers to execute switching logic, while 50A contactors handled the power circuit, thereby providing electrical isolation between control and load operations. A digital energy meter was integrated to display real-time voltage, current, and power consumption. The constructed prototype was subjected to a series of performance evaluations. The automatic switching functionality test confirmed reliable transfer of load to the generator during simulated grid failure and a seamless retransfer upon restoration. The prioritization logic consistently favored the grid supply over the generator, in line with the design intent. Overload testing showed that the protective circuit breaker responded within 3.5 seconds at 120% of rated load, while a short-circuit condition triggered immediate disconnection. Metering accuracy tests revealed less than 2.5% error across varying load conditions, validating the reliability of the monitoring system. The results demonstrate that the system successfully met its objectives by ensuring continuity of supply, protecting against overloads, and providing accurate power monitoring. It is concluded that the ACS is suitable for domestic applications, while future improvements such as microcontroller-based control, three-phase compatibility, and IoT integration are recommended.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigated the effect of internal marketing on customer loyalty in Nigerian banking industry using Wema Bank Plc. in Ilaro, Ogun State as a study area. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of internal communication, employees’ motivation, reward and recognition and employee empowerment on customer loyalty. The study adopted survey research design. The population is the entire customers of the company under review. Quota sampling techniques was used to select the respondents from the study targeting all customers of Wema Bank Plc. in Ilaro, Ogun State. The sample size of 314 was derived from the population using Hart (1942) formula while 309 were valid for analyses. Questionnaire was structured using 5-point likerts scale (strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree). The data were tested using percentage method while the hypotheses were tested using simple regression, anova and coefficient analysis with the aid of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings revealed that among the variables tested; internal communication, employees’ motivation, reward and recognition are significant with p-value of .017, .018 and .000 respectively while information quality was insignificant with p-value of .057. The study concluded that internal marketing has significant effect on customer loyalty in Nigerian banking industry. The researcher therefore recommended that Nigerian companies should implement recognition programs by publicly recognizing employees who consistently deliver exceptional customer service through “Employee of the Month” awards or similar initiatives.

In this present investigation, Streptococeus spp. and Jacillus spp, were the bacteria isolated and identified from fresh and unwholesomeness tomators bought from Ikirun and Owode Market while Kloeckera apiculata, schizosaccaromyces and Candida spp were the yeast isolated and identified from fresh and unwholesome tomatoe: bought from Ikirun and Owode. The physiochemical of fresh tomatoes reveal it had a pH of 6.0. Total dissolved solid of 136 EC of 38 and maintained at the temperature of 27.9°Cwhile the unwholesome tomatoes had pHl of 7.0.<br> Total dissolved solid of 274, EC of 130 and mainteined at 36.5°C and the total heterotrophic bacteria count of fresh tomatoes had count of 8x10 while the unwholesome tomatoes had the heterotrophic bacteria count of 12 x 10'. The total heterotrophic fungal count of fresh tomatoes had a count of 10x10 while the unwholesome had the heterotrophic fungal count of 16 x 10'%.<br> The ability of both fungal and bacterial to grow profisely on tomatoes is a testimony of being a good media for the growing of microorganisms. The growth of Candida species on unwholesome tomato is an indication of pure sanitary index of the market where tomatoes were bought and also as a result of poor hygienic practices sy the marketers of the tomatoes.

The study examined the effectiveness of school counselling programmes on students’ mental health in Ijebu North Local Governmental Area. Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to select 120 pupils from senior secondary schools from each of the six areas making up the local government. Out of the 120 questionnaires distributed, only 116 were filled correctly by the respondents in the study area. <br> Correlation and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods were used to analysed the data collected from the field survey. <br> Based on demographic factors and mental health, the analysis found no significant correlation between mental health outcomes and various demographic factors such as age, gender, grade level, and religion. This suggests that mental health challenges are prevalent across different demographic groups, emphasising the need for universal mental health interventions. On the impact of school counselling programmes on mental health outcomes, the result showed that participation in school counselling programmes was shown to significantly improve mental health outcomes. The results indicated that students who engage in counselling are likely to experience better mental health, highlighting the effectiveness of these programmes in providing essential support. Also, on school counseling activities and symptoms of mental illness, the study revealed that school counselling activities significantly reduce symptoms of mental illness among students. This finding underscores the importance of integrating counselling activities into school curricula as a proactive measure to address mental health issues. Lastly on perceived effectiveness of counselling and stress levels, a significant relationship was found between the perceived effectiveness of school counselling programmes and levels of stress. Students who viewed counselling as effective reported higher stress levels, indicating a complex interaction that suggests greater awareness of mental health challenges.<br> The study recommended that schools should prioritise the integration of comprehensive counselling programmes. This includes hiring qualified mental health professionals and providing ongoing training to ensure counselors are equipped to address a variety of mental health issues. Promote awareness of counselling services among students, parents, and staffs. Regular workshops, information sessions, and promotional materials can help demystify counseling and encourage students to seek help when needed.

The study investigated the influence of Total Quality Management on Organizational Efficiency of Champion Breweries Plc. Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Three specific objectives were designed for the study as well as three research questions and three research hypotheses. The study adopted survey research design. Taro Yamen’s formula was used to adopt a sample size of 212 from a population of 450 employees. The instrument of the study was a structured questionnaire with a five likert-point options that was distributed to employees’ of Champion Breweries Plc. Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Data collected was analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The result from test of hypotheses revealed that proxies for total quality management namely- employee training, process improvement practices and communication have significant influence on organizational efficiency of Champion Breweries Plc. Therefore, the study concludes that employee training, process improvement, and communication are found to be key factors that positively influenced organizational efficiency with particular reference to Champion Breweries Plc. The findings from the study contributes more to the existing knowledge on total quality management and also reaffirms the opinions of other scholars on the subject matter. The researcher recommends that management of Champion Breweries Plc., Uyo, Akwa Ibom State should implement continuous process improvement initiatives to streamline operations and eliminate inefficiencies, which can be achieved by establishing a dedicated team or department focused on analyzing and improving existing processes within the organization. Also, they State should promote collaboration between different departments and teams to achieve a more integrated approach to problem-solving and decision making. This could involve setting up cross-functional project teams, encouraging knowledge sharing between departments, and promoting a culture of teamwork. (Wordcount-250).

ABSTRACT<br> Automated. Teller Machines (ATMs) have been adopted and are still being adopted by banks. They offer considerable benefits to both banks and their depositors. The machines can enable depositors to withdraw cash at more convenient times and places than during banking hours at branches. This study examined the impact of automated teller machine on bank customer. The data used in this study is primary and secondary sources. Primary source is called firsthand information obtained from the respondent specifically for the research work . The Secondary data consist of the review of related literature. From the analysis, the study revealed that there was an equal distribution in the respondents majority of whom were either employed or students. All the respondents held accounts with Commercial Banks in Nigeria, knew about ATM banking and also all of them owned ATM cards. The researcher made the following recommendations that In order to increase the effectiveness of the Automated Teller Machine; all the deposit money banks in Nigeria must sensitize its customer's about the availability of the ATM and the different services it offers. The ATMs should be located in so many places especially busy places for proximity purposes and for reducing the amount of time spent in the queue before accessing the ATM services. The financial institutions should make sure that the cost of using the ATM is kept as minimum as possible and this will encourage more people to use these services and this helps to reduce congestion in the banks.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigated the effect of field trip teaching strategy on students’ achievement in basic science in junior secondary schools in OBALGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pretest and post-test control group design was employed for the study. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The sample of the study comprised 108 JSS 3 students from two intact classes randomly selected from public coeducational Secondary schools in Akpor clan. Achievement Test in Ecological concepts in Basic science (ATEBS) and Student interest survey scale (SISS) were used as instruments for data collection. The reliability of ATEBS was determined using test-retest method and correlating the two sets of scores using Pearson Product Moment Correlating technique and the reliability coefficient (r = 0.81) was obtained, while Cronbach Alpha technique was used to obtain the reliability index (0.74) of SISS. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that a significant difference existed in the achievement and interest of students taught using field trip strategy and lecture method. Based on the results of the study, it was recommended that teachers should use field trip instructional strategy in the teaching of ecological concepts in basic science