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ABSTRACT <br> This study explores the impact of manpower planning as a tool for organizational growth and development, focusing on the case study of the Jalingo Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Mines, and Agriculture (JACCIMA). The research addresses the need for effective workforce planning in organizational success, particularly given the dynamic business environment and changing workforce dynamics. The theoretical framework for this study is based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, which posits that organizations can achieve sustained competitive advantage by effectively managing and leveraging their unique resources, including human capital. The study's broad objective is to examine how effective manpower planning can contribute to the growth and development of JACCIMA. The specific objectives include assessing the impact of demand forecasting, examining the influence of supply analysis, and analyzing the effect of gap identification on organizational growth and development. A mixed-methods research design was employed in this study, involving both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The sample size consisted of [sample size] participants drawn from JACCIMA's workforce. Data sources included questionnaires, interviews, and organizational documents. The data analysis was conducted using statistical tools for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings reveal a significant positive impact of demand forecasting on organizational growth and development. Effective demand forecasting techniques are integrated into JACCIMA's strategic planning processes, enabling the organization to adjust strategies and operations based on changes in demand forecasts. Similarly, supply analysis plays a crucial role in optimizing resource allocation and informing production planning and scheduling processes. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of effective manpower planning in achieving organizational growth and development. JACCIMA benefits from a strategic approach to demand forecasting, supply analysis, and gap identification. The key recommendations include enhancing demand forecasting techniques, integrating supply analysis into strategic decision-making, and fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration.

ABSTRACT <br> The main purpose of this study was to examine poverty alleviation and socio-economic development of Etung Local Government Area of Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of this study, three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 |level of significance. The simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the five council wards while quota non-probability sampling technique was adopted in selecting the two hundred respondents used for the study. A twenty- five item four point Likert type questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistical technique was used for data analysis. The result obtained from analysis of data revealed that, there is a significant relationship between vocational skills training, salary increment and poverty alleviation in the study area. Based on these findings it was recommended that, implementing partners of poverty alleviation programmes should ensure that such programmes are preceded by a need assessment to identify people's areas of need and design progranmmes that would sufficiently address such identified felt needs among individuals.<br> Word count: 170

ABSTRACT<br> Housing has been acknowledged generally as a key human necessity. One of its problems may be claimed that it is not affordable for the ordinary Nigerian worker, whose house hold income and salaries are now strongly depressed and unable to fulfill their fundamental necessities. This study examines the housing affordability and its impacts on household income of civil servants in Calabar metropolis, cross river state, Nigeria. Purposive methods of sampling techniques were used to select a sample of respondents in across various ministries. A total of three hundred and fifty-nine (359) questionnaires were distributed across various ministries, (200) where retrieved. The necessary data was gathered using the primary sources of data, that includes: pilot survey and questionnaire interviews and also the secondary sources of data which was analyzed using descriptive summary statistics, and cross tabulation frequency tables. The results of the analysis showed that, Housing cost analysis indicated that a significant proportion of civil servants spent between 35% and 56% of their annual income on rent, exceeding the 30% affordability benchmark. Only 6% benefitted from public housing schemes, with the overwhelming majority residing in private rentals. Crosstabulations showed that 44.1% of respondents reported increased financial stress from housing costs, while 30.3% experienced reduced disposable income, with low-income earners more severely affected. Location-specific analysis revealed that high rent and low income were the predominant factors influencing affordability across residential areas. Inferential statistics using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirm that housing affordability has a significant relationship with the ability of low-income civil servants to afford housing (F = 87.519, p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study concludes that structural income disparities, high rental costs, and minimal public housing provision have created a critical affordability gap, particularly for low-income earners. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted policy interventions, including wage adjustments, affordable housing programs, and rent control measures, to improve housing accessibility and economic stability for civil servants in Calabar metropolis.

ABSTRACT<br> <br> Lack of access to improved drinking water is a global problem that affects approximately 663 million people worldwide and more than 18 million people die each year from water borne diseases in developing countries. Studies in Nigeria in 2018 showed less than 50% of the population were connected to the national water network, and the alternative sources were characterized by high levels of microbial contamination. Understanding the risks and providing an appropriate treatment technology are therefore important because unsafe drinking water quality is directly related to health caused primarily by microbial contamination prevalent in developing countries. This study was aimed at evaluating the quality of a brand of sachet water produced by an organization in Otolo community, Nnewi north L.G.A. Anambra State. The physical and chemical qualities of five selected samples of sachets water sold in Otolo town were evaluated to ascertain their compliance with recommendation standards by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Agency for food and drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The results obtained from the water tests showed fecal coliform and streptococci content of up to 0.30 CFU/100 mL, and E. coli of 0.15 CFU/100 mL respectively, which is above the WHO/NAFDAC permissible limit of 0.00 CFU/100 mL, This could be as a result of non-respect of source protection perimeters. Other physicochemical parameters were more or less within the norm limits. A few treatment methods is proposed to ameliorate the water quality and hence preserve the health of the population.

This study examines the impact of corruption on construction project costs in Osun State,<br> Nigeria. The objective is to identify the major causes of corruption, evaluate their effects on<br> project delivery, and recommend strategies to improve transparency and accountability in the<br> construction sector. Data were collected using structured questionnaires designed with Google<br> Forms and distributed electronically to construction professionals in consulting, contracting,<br> client, and government organizations through email and social media platforms such as<br> WhatsApp and LinkedIn. A total of 185 questionnaires were distributed and all were retrieved,<br> representing a 100% response rate, which was adequate for analysis. The data collected were<br> analyzed using descriptive statistical tools, including frequency distribution, percentages, and<br> the Relative Importance Index (RII). The study identifies collusion between contractors and<br> government officials, lack of transparency in procurement processes, and a culture of bribery<br> as the major causes of corruption in construction projects. These practices increase the cost of<br> doing business, discourage infrastructure investment, and reduce value for money in project<br> procurement. Corruption also leads to project delays, poor quality work, and compromised<br> project standards, which negatively affect overall project success and sustainable development<br> in the construction sector. The study recommends digitizing project reporting and approval<br> processes, improving transparency in procurement systems, and strengthening monitoring and<br> accountability mechanisms to reduce corruption. Implementing these measures will help<br> improve cost control, project quality, and timely delivery of construction projects in Osun State.

The equitable distribution of social infrastructure, particularly healthcare facilities, is central to sustainable urban development. However, rapid urban growth often disrupts planning standards, resulting in unequal access to essential services. This study investigates the spatial distribution of public healthcare facilities in Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA) using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. The specific objectives were to identify and map healthcare facilities, examine their spatial patterns, and assess accessibility challenges faced by residents.<br> Primary data were collected through GNSS field surveys and household questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from official records and maps. Spatial analyses, including Nearest Neighbour Analysis, were conducted in ArcGIS, complemented by descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that healthcare facilities in Ibadan North are unevenly distributed, with higher concentrations in the northeastern and southern zones, while peripheral areas remain underserved. This uneven spread contributes to long travel distances, congestion in existing centers, and limited access for low-income households.<br> The study concludes that current distributions of healthcare facilities does not meet population needs and that fairer distribution of healthcare facilities is necessary to achieve inclusive urban development.<br> It is recommended that new centers be established in underserved areas, existing facilities be upgraded, and geospatial technologies be institutionalized in well planning and developing to promote equitable access and sustainable urban development.

HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE PANCREAS FOLLOWING THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES ON EDIBLE DATE (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA) ON AN ADULT MALE WISTAR RAT

ABSTRACT<br> The use of herbicides, pesticides, and preservatives in modern agriculture is crucial for enhancing crop yields, preventing post-harvest losses, and ensuring food security. However, the widespread application of these agrochemicals raises significant concerns about their impact on the safety and quality of common foods during both pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. The persistence of agrochemical residues in common foods poses significant challenges to food safety and quality, potentially leading to acute and chronic health issues, including toxicity, cancer, reproductive disorders, neurodevelopmental problems, and disruptions to the endocrine system. Moreover, these residues can contribute to environmental contamination and interfere with sustainable pest management practices. This research seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on food safety and agricultural practices, providing insights that are essential for developing strategies to mitigate the risks associated with agrochemical consumption.<br> In this study, we investigated the likely presence of agrochemical residues in common foods using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and predicted their potential effects on human health, focusing on their inhibitory potential on key human enzymes such as cytochrome P450, P53, and Na, K-ATPase. These enzymes are critical for various biological processes, including detoxification, cell cycle regulation, and cellular ion balance.<br> The findings of this study showed that some of the food substances studied contained an appreciable amount of agrochemical residues at a concentration that was above the permissible limit. Similarly, the bioinformatic study revealed that most of these agrochemicals have the potential to inhibit the key human enzyme studied, and this is expected to have severe consequences on human health.<br> The findings aim to inform relevant policymakers and promote the responsible use of herbicides, pesticides, and preservatives, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of common foods for current and future generations.