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This project presents the design and development of an AI-Driven Personalized Learning System aimed at improving comprehension among tertiary institution students. Many Nigerian students struggle to understand complex academic materials due to the technical nature of textbooks and lecture notes. The system addresses this by allowing students to upload materials in text, PDF, or image formats, which are then simplified into clearer explanations using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. An Agile development approach guided the process, ensuring iterative refinement through user feedback. The system was implemented with Flask (Python) on the backend and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the frontend, supported by a hybrid AI architecture that combines local transformer models (Flan-T5) with fallback cloud APIs such as Gemini or ChatGPT. This design ensures both flexibility and reliability even under limited hardware or internet constraints. User evaluation involving selected tertiary students showed that over 85% found the simplified explanations significantly easier to understand, confirming the system’s effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes. Despite challenges like limited computing power and occasional API restrictions, the prototype proved functional and impactful. The project demonstrates that hybrid AI solutions can bridge comprehension gaps in education by providing simplified, personalized learning support. Future improvements should focus on offline deployment, multilingual capability, and adaptive learning features to further localize and expand the system’s educational impact.

The increasing prevalence of diabetes and the limitations of conventional treatments, there is a lack of scientifically validated and accessible alternative therapies. The potential antihyperglycemic effects of Vernonia amygdalina are not fully understood, and existing clinical studies are limited by poor design and low statistical power. This gap necessitates comprehensive research to validate the antidiabetic claims of bitter leaf and to explore its potential as a complementary or alternative treatment for diabetes.

ABSTRACT <br> This study examined the compliance with corporate governance and its effect on financial reporting quality: a case study of GT Bank Plc, Bauchi branch. The study was motivated by the critical role of corporate governance in ensuring accurate, transparent, and reliable financial reporting, which is essential for enhancing investor confidence and sustaining the credibility of financial institutions. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, targeting staff, management, and other relevant stakeholders within the branch. A total of 28 respondents were selected from a population of 30 using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire employing a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using frequency distributions, percentages, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between corporate governance compliance and financial reporting accuracy, transparency, and investor confidence. Specifically, adherence to governance frameworks such as board oversight, audit committees, and internal control systems was found to enhance the reliability and clarity of financial reports while fostering trust among investors. However, the study also identified significant challenges hindering effective implementation, including management conflicts of interest, lack of adequate staff training, high compliance costs, resistance to change, and inadequate regulatory enforcement. The study concluded that corporate governance compliance is a vital determinant of financial reporting quality and investor confidence in GTBank Bauchi branch. It recommended that the bank strengthen staff training, enhance internal controls, promote transparency, address conflicts of interest, adopt cost-effective technology solutions, and collaborate with regulators to ensure robust governance practices. The findings contribute to the understanding of corporate governance in Nigerian banks and provide actionable insights for improving reporting quality and sustaining investor trust. <br> Keywords: Corporate Governance, Financial Reporting Quality, Transparency, Investor Confidence, GT Bank, Nigeria

Acute renal injury (ARI) is a sudden decline in kidney function marked by impaired glomerular filtration, fluid retention, and the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products. Despite advances in modern therapeutics, there remains a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants such as Azadirachta indica (Neem) due to their perceived protective and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to evaluate the biochemical effects of methanol neem seed oil extract on acute renal injury in male Wistar rats. <br> A total of forty (40) healthy male Wistar rats, weighing between 170–240 g, were divided into four groups (n=10). Group 1 (Control) served as the control and received standard feed and water only, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 received 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg of methanol neem seed oil extract, respectively, for five weeks. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured to assess renal function. Statistical analysis was done using graph pad prism 5 (Graph Pad Software Inc., San Diego, CA), data were subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance with statistical significant set at P

ABSTRACT<br> Akesan, a historic market in Oyo town, has undergone significant transformations from its ancient origins to its current status as a thriving modern market. This study aims at exploring the rich history of Akesan, tracing its development from a small traditional trading post to a bustling commercial center. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining oral interviews, archival research, and observational studies, this research will examine the factors that contributed to Akesan's growth, including its strategic location, cultural exchange networks, and adaptations to changing economic landscapes. Furthermore, this study investigates the impact of modernisation on Akesan's traditional market structures, vendor experiences, and consumer behaviour. By uncovering the complex dynamics of Akesan's evolution, this research seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersections between history, culture, and economic development in Nigeria's informal markets. The research begin with a comprehensive review of existing literature on the history of Akesan and market development in Nigeria. Primary data will be collected through oral interviews with elderly residents, traders, and stakeholders in Akesan, as well as focus group discussions with vendors and consumers. The study's findings reveal that, Akesan's transformation into a modern market was shaped by a complex interplay of historical, cultural, and economic factors. The research found that Akesan's strategic location at the intersection of ancient trade routes and its reputation as a center of traditional commerce hub facilitated its growth into a thriving market. The study also discovered that the market's adaptability to changing economic landscapes, including the adoption of new technologies and innovations, contributed to its resilience and expansion. Furthermore, the research highlighted the significant role of women in Akesan's market development, with many female traders playing a crucial part in shaping the market's culture and operations. However, the study also noted that modernisation has brought challenges, including increased competition, gentrification, and concerns about cultural erosion. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics of market development in Nigeria and the importance of preserving cultural heritage in the face of modernisation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Akesan's transformation into a modern market is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of traditional markets in Nigeria. The findings highlight the impertance of understanding the historical, cultural, and economic contexts that shape market development. The study's results also underscore the need for policymakers and stakeholders to preserve the cultural heritage of traditional markets while promoting modernisation and intonation. Furthermore, the research emphasises the crucial role of women in market dealopment and the need for sheir empowerment and support. Ultimately, this study contributes to a doper understanding of the complex dynamics of market development in Nigeria and growidessaluableinsighas for promoting sustainable and inclusive economic grows. The finding of this topic can inform policy decision, development initiatives and academic research untimely contributing to the preservation and advancement of traditional market like Akesan, in Nigeria.

Financial integration refers to a situation when the financial markets of two or more <br> states or regions become intertwined. This may occur through a variety of ways, <br> including international flow of money, international enterprises invest in the domestic <br> markets, financial institutions exchange information and practices, or through <br> standardization of the systems, which underline the financial markets. Financial <br> integration may be regionally based, with the local countries being connected with each <br> other, or globally, with the financial markets of the entire world being interconnected <br> (International Monetary Fund, 2016). Mougani (2019) described that the benefits of <br> financial integration include increased efficient use of capital, increased opportunities <br> to diversify risks, reduced possibility of localised issues, and improved financial <br> systems in general. But in a world where money can flow freely across international <br> borders, there is a potential that financial issues will be transferred through countries <br> and the financial systems of countries are more intertwined. This implies that when one <br> economy is unstable, it may easily spread to the other countries.

ABSTRACT<br> This study examined the effect of board attributes (board size, board independence, and board gender diversity) on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of listed healthcare companies in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and utilized secondary data extracted from the annual reports of selected listed Healthcare companies. CSRD was measured as a binary variable, coded 1 if a firm disclosed at least one CSR activity and 0 otherwise. Board size, board independence, and board gender diversity served as the explanatory variables. Data were analyzed using Stata 14 statistical software. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques were employed. The regression results revealed that board size and board gender diversity have positive and statistically significant effects on CSRD, while board independence has a positive but statistically insignificant effect. The study concludes that board attributes play a significant role in influencing CSR disclosure among listed healthcare companies in Nigeria. The study recommends that healthcare firms strengthen board composition, particularly in terms of size and gender diversity, to enhance CSR disclosure practices.

This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on poverty reduction in Nigeria over the period 1991 to 2022. The specific objectives were to: (i) investigate the relationship between FDI and poverty alleviation; (ii) assess the role of official development assistance (ODA) in poverty reduction; and (iii) examine the impact of trade openness on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex post facto research design and utilized secondary time-series data sourced from the World Bank, Central Bank of Nigeria bulletins, and the National Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression techniques were employed to analyze the data, supplemented by unit root tests and cointegration tests to examine stationarity and long-run relationships.<br> <br> The findings reveal that external debt stock has a negative and significant effect on Nigeria's economic growth (GDP), while external debt service payments have a negative but insignificant effect. The exchange rate showed a positive and significant impact on GDP, whereas inflation had a negative and significant effect. With respect to FDI and poverty, the study found that FDI inflows have contributed to economic growth, but the poverty-reducing effect remains mixed and conditional on absorptive capacity, institutional quality, and the investment climate. ODA showed limited direct impact on poverty reduction, while trade openness demonstrated potential for poverty alleviation through enhanced market access and economic linkages.<br> <br> The study concludes that while FDI can serve as a catalyst for poverty reduction in Nigeria, its effectiveness depends on complementary factors such as stable macroeconomic policies, improved infrastructure, security, and human capital development. It is recommended that the Nigerian government strengthen institutional frameworks, diversify the economy beyond oil, enhance security to attract sustainable FDI, and ensure that FDI inflows translate into tangible poverty-reducing outcomes through job creation, technology transfer, and linkages with local enterprises.<br> <br> **Keywords:** Foreign Direct Investment, Poverty Reduction, Official Development Assistance, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Nigeria