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Advertising has been greatly impacted by the social media targeted particularly at younger<br><br> users on the various platforms. However. little is known specifically about how social media<br><br> advertisements influence purchasing decisions among these young people in Nigeria. Hence,<br><br> this study examined the exposure. viewership and influence of social media advertisements on<br><br> the purchasing decision of young people using undergraduates in UNICAL and UNICROSS.<br><br> With great increase in technological advancement, effective advertising has become extremely<br><br> important to be able to have competitive advantage, hence the need for this study. The study<br><br> adopted the survey research design with questionnaire as primary instrument for data<br><br> collection. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings from the<br><br> research, shows that, students of UNICAL and UNICROSS make use of social media for<br><br> impulse purchases and also shows how these purchases affect the students negatively. It was<br><br> also discovered that social media has increased impulse buying among students of UNICAL<br><br> and UNICROSS as well as how students can cope with impulse buying on social media. Many<br><br> recommendations were made including. how students need to prioritize their purchases in order<br><br> to cope with affluent of adverts on social media platforms.

This study was set-out to investigate the Influence of an Effective Physical Education Program on the Level of School Attendance and Academic Performance of Junior Secondary School Students in Ekpoma Edo State; with the primary objective of examining the impact of an effective physical education (PE) program on the school attendance rates of junior secondary school students, assessing the influence of effective physical education (PE) programs on the academic performance of junior secondary school students, and exploring the relationship between participation in physical education and students' overall engagement and motivation towards school activities. The population for this study consists of junior secondary school students in Ekpoma, Esan West L.G.A. of Edo State, from which pool, 120 students were sampled. Following the collection of responses through the use of a self-structured questionnaire and the descriptive analysis of assembled data using frequency counts, simple percentage and arithmetic mean, the study found that students who participated regularly in PE were more likely to attend school consistently, there was a noticeable positive correlation between regular participation in PE and higher academic performance, and that students involved in PE programs reported better physical health, higher energy levels, and reduced stress, which contributed to their ability to concentrate and perform academically. Following these findings the study recommended among others that schools should prioritize regular and structured PE classes, making them an integral part of the academic curriculum rather than an optional activity, develop PE programs that are not only focused on physical fitness but also incorporate activities that improve mental health, teamwork, and social skills, and that the government and school proprietors should provide schools with necessary infrastructure, equipment, and trained physical education teachers

ABSTRACT<br> <br> <br> Social media marketing plays a key role in shaping the marketing and promotion of the tourism industry, fostering unprecedented opportunities for engagement, branding, and customer relationship management. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn serve as dynamic channels for hotels, restaurants, and other hospitality businesses to connect with a global audience. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of social media on tourism marketing in Calabar Metropolis. The objectives included to identify the types of social media platforms utilized by hospitality industry, assess the impact of social media marketing on customer patronage, examine the influence of social media on brand image, analyze the relationship between social media utilization and hospitality performance, investigate the challenges and opportunities of social media networking, and assess customer perceptions and feedbacks on social media platforms. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey design, a widely recognized methodology in social and scientific research. Primary data is obtained through structured questionnaires, on-site surveys, and direct interactions with hospitality industry. Secondary data is sourced from industry reports, academic journals, and online reviews. Stratified random sampling is employed to ensure representation, and a mixed-methods approach integrates quantitative and qualitative data. Sample size of 400 was adopted for the study. From the findings, the study identifies Facebook as the predominant platform for business promotion, with diversified engagement across Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube. Hospitality industry demonstrate adaptability in content updating using different social media platforms, with varied frequencies to meet audience expectations. Feature utilization is used in marketing, presenting opportunities for optimization. The measurement of social media effectiveness reflects a multifaceted approach, and outcomes on customer patronage vary, necessitating critical assessment. It was observed that few hospitality hubs, utilized social media as marketing tool effectively. Therefore, it was recommended that hospitality industry in Calabar Metropolis, should ensure effective utilization of social media to market their services, products and activities to attract optimal customer patronage. It was also suggested that tourism industry in Calabar should explore other social media platforms such as twitter, WhatsAPP and LinkedIn for wider audience. <br> Word count: 347

This study examined the relationship between public Domestic borrowings and Economic growth in Nigeria. Data from 1988 to 2018 were examined. Data were collated and computed from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins, 2018 edition. The study utilized the Ordinary Least square (OLS) regression model to establish the relationship by Gross Domestic dependent variable (Economic Growth measured by Gross Domestic product) and the variables (public domestic borrowings measured by treasury bills, treasury certificates and treasury bonds). The regression model was estimated according using the Ordinary Least square (OLS) technique. Data analysis was carried out at 5% level of significance using t-calculated and t-tabulated values. The results of the study showed that: the Treasury bill has a negative and significance influence on the gross domestic product in Nigeria. Like the treasury bill, Treasury certificates increases is likely to be followed by relatively reduced output in Nigeria. This shows a large extent the non-product influence of this public domestic borrowing instrument in the economy. Though, both variables are seen to be related with no direct causality. On recommendation, the Treasury bill as an instrument should be carefully administrated to avoid typing up productive capital and crippling the Nigeria economy. There is still a need to promote the use of treasury certificates and treasury bonds in the discount houses since their historical data low activities.

This study examined the impact of motor vehicle policy on economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the impact of motor vehicle insurance premium on economic growth in Nigeria; determine the impact of comprehensive motor vehicle insurance on economic growth in Nigeria; and evaluate the impact of motor vehicle insurance claim on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as a proxy for economic growth which is dependent variable while motor vehicle insurance premium (MIP), comprehensive motor vehicle insurance (CMI) and motor vehicle insurance claim (MVIC) were used as the explanatory variables. Also employed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as estimated technique, Evidence from the ARDL Bounds test revealed that there exists no stable long run stable relationship between the variables. However, the ARDL Bound test revealed there are no long run relationship among variables. Therefore, short run relationship among variable was revealed and interpreted, techniques shows that value of lag of MIP, lag of CMI was found to be negative and exhibit an insignificant relationship with gross domestic product in the short run while lag of gross domestic product and motor vehicle insurance claims exhibit a positive and significant relationship with gross domestic product. However, in the short run, motor vehicle policy indices had a significant and insignificant impact on economic growth in the short run. Though there are no long run relationship among variables and concluded that motor vehicle indices has significant and insignificant effect on economic growth in the short run. Therefore, recommended that government should promote insurance of motor vehicle against third party; and government should increase ensure movement of funds are regulated so as to curb inflation and guide against exploitation.

The Kandola Shella stream supports vital fishing and irrigation activities for the local community. This study evaluated the stream’s physicochemical properties and the diversity and relative abundance of macroinvertebrates in September. Key parameters, including pH, temperature, turbidity, depth, velocity, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and conductivity, were measured using standard methods. Temperature ranged from 34°C to 35°C, pH from 6.57 to 6.63, turbidity from 8.9 to 12.8 NTU, and conductivity from 490 to 498 mg/l. DO levels were 8.7 and 10 mg/l, while BOD5 ranged between 28.7 and 25 mg/l. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations were low, at 0.6–0.9 mg/l and 0.039–0.04 mg/l, respectively. Depth varied from 32 to 46 cm, with velocities between 39 and 46 seconds over a 10-meter distance. A total of 445 macroinvertebrate species from 6 families were identified. Sampling Point A recorded the highest abundance, with 282 individuals (62.9%), while Point B had 163 species (36.1%). Family Thiaridae was dominant with 280 species, followed by Flea (Siphonaptera) with 1 species, and Belostoma with 1 species. The least abundant species included Phyllocrania, Spiders, and Fresh water snail, each represented by one individual. The findings highlight the stream’s biodiversity and environmental conditions.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> This study was conducted to assessed the cognitive challenges faced by senior secondary school students in learning Physics in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 1,325 SS3 science students offering Physics, from which a sample of 330 students was randomly selected. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument titled Cognitive Challenges in Learning Physics Questionnaire (CCLPQ). The instrument was validated by experts in science education and tested for reliability through a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha to confirmed its internal consistency and 0.82 reliability coefficient was obtained. The study was guided by four research questions and two null hypotheses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-tests). Findings revealed that students generally exhibited a positive mental mindset toward Physics but perceived the subject as abstract and difficult to visualize. Ineffective learning strategies-such as lack of feedback, over-reliance on memorization, and limited use of interactive tools-were identified as significant contributors to cognitive challenges. No significant gender differences were observed in students' mindset or in the effects of learning strategies on their cognitive challenges. The study concluded that while students are motivated, their learning is hindered by poor instructional strategies. It recommends that teachers adopt conceptual visualization methods, integrate technology (e.g., simulations and videos), and receive training in modern, interactive teaching approaches to enhance students' understanding of Physics.

ABSTRACT<br> This study explores the rising trend of youth involvement in cybercrime within Emohua Local Government Area, focusing on the role of the "quest for easy money" as a central motivation. As digital technology becomes more accessible, young people in this region face increasing exposure to both opportunities and pressures to engage in online fraud and other forms of cybercrime. Economic hardship, lack of employment opportunities, and the allure of quick financial gain have driven many young individuals to adopt illicit digital activities as a means of income. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, this research investigates the social, economic, and psychological factors that influence these youth, along with the community’s perceptions of cybercrime. The findings aim to provide insight into the motivations and environmental factors that contribute to cybercrime in Emohua and offer recommendations for policymakers, educators, and community leaders seeking to curb this trend through targeted interventions, youth empowerment programs, and awareness campaigns. This study highlights the urgent need for a multifaceted response to address the socioeconomic drivers of cybercrime among young people in Emohua Local Government Area