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Automatic transmission has long been subject to prejudice and misconceptions within the automotive industry and among consumers. This abstract delves into the evolution of vehicle automatic transmission technology, highlighting its significant advancements, benefits, and debuting prevalent myths and biases associated with it. The paper examines the superior performances, fuel efficiency, and convenience offered by modern automatic transmissions, challenging traditional beliefs, and advocating for a more inclusive and informed perspective towards this integral component of contemporary vehicles. Over the years, automatic transmissions have faced unwarranted biases and misconceptions, overshadowing their transformative impact on modern vehicle performance. This abstract explores the historical stigmatization surrounding automatic transmissions, analyzes their technological evolution, and presents compelling evidence debunking prevalent myths. By highlighting the superior efficiency, convenience, and versatility of automatic transmissions in contemporary vehicles, this paper aims to foster a more enlightened and inclusive discourse, promoting a shift towards embracing the remarkable advancements in automotive transmission technology.

The growing demand for sustainable and reliable energy in Nigeria has highlighted the need to harness solar power as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Despite Nigeria’s abundant solar radiation, effective utilization of solar energy is often hindered by fluctuations caused by climatic variations. This study focuses on optimizing solar power generation through regression analysis of solar radiation and selected climatic variables, with particular emphasis on temperature and wind speed in Ikeja, Lagos. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was employed to establish a predictive model quantifying the relationship between solar radiation (dependent variable) and the independent variables. The findings reveal significant correlations, providing a statistical framework for forecasting solar energy output under varying climatic conditions. The developed model not only enhances the accuracy of energy forecasting but also supports informed decision-making in solar power system planning and deployment. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing renewable energy strategies and promoting sustainable energy development in Nigeria.

The aim of this study was to find out political thuggery and election violence in Nigeria using Bayelsa State as a case study. Thuggery is the process of acting violently, especially in commission of a crime. Political thuggery may be seen as the illegitimate means of seeking political power. The specific objectives include the following: to examine the relationship between political thuggery and election violence in Bayelsa State between 2012 to 2019, to understand the causes of political thuggery and election violence in Bayelsa State between 2012 to 2019. The research adopted both primary and secondary data. This research employed the Elite theory (ET) as the theoretical framework for the study. The population of the study constitutes the total number of one thousand (1000) persons living in Bayelsa State who are academically and mentally sound with a sample population of one hundred (100) that was carefully selected. Based on the findings of the study, the following summary and conclusion were made, Environments of economic hardship and poverty are responsible for youth thuggery activities. The causes of political violence in Bayelsa State include: Corruption, Unemployment, Lack of adequate security, Lack of democratic culture, Failure of the justice system.

Peptic ulcer is a sore that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract especially the stomach, duodenum, oesophagus; that result from an imbalance between endogenous and factors. The causes of peptic ulcer are multi-factorial which includes stress, use of NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori infections, alcohol, smoking; family history etc. This study is to investigate the effects of carica papaya seed on peptic ulcer in wistar rats. A total of 28 Wistar rats were used in this study and were randomly divided into 4 groups Group A was used as the positive control group and were adminstered only water and feed. Group B which served as the negative control group recieved only 25mg/kg of indomethacin. Group C received 25mg/kg of indomethacin and were treated with 200mg/kg of aqueous seed extract of carica papaya. Group D received 25mg/kg of indomethacin and were treated with 400mg/kg of aqueous secd extract of carica papaya. The extract was administered for 7 days via oral route after which the animal were anaesthetized with diethyl ether in a closed container and peptic index was counted using hand lens. Using a significant p ≤ 0.05, Results show that there was a significant decrease in stomach ulcer index when group B is compared with group C and group D (p =0.00, p. =0.00) as well as a significant increase in stomach ulcer index comparing group A to group B(p =0.00). There was significant increase in duodenum ulcer on comparing group A to group B (p =0.00) with a significant decline in the mean value of group B to group C and D (p =0.00, p =0.00). The body weight was significantly decreased in mean value of group B and group D when compared to A (p =0.05, p=0.01) whereas there was significant reduction in change of average body weight (p =0.01) comparing group C to D. There was no significant effect of carica papaya seed on comparing the relative weight of duodenum whereas a significant decrease in relative weight of the stomach from group A to B (p =0.04) and significant increase in relative weight of the stomach from group B to group D(p =0.03).This study clearly shows that the aqueous extract of carica papaya seed had anti ulcerative effects and healing effect on Indomethacin induced Ulceration.

This study investigates microplastic ingestion by freshwater fishes (clarias gariepinus, silluriformes, clupea harengus) under varying water conditions, examining pH (6.5-8.5), temperature (15°C-25°C), total hardness (50-200 mg/L), and dissolved oxygen (5-10 mg/L). Fish were exposed to microplastics (1-5 mm)Increased ingestion at pH 7.5-8.0, 20°C-22°C, 100-150 mg/L hardness, and 6-8 mg/L dissolved oxygen. Microplastic abundance in tissues: 45% in gut, 27% in gills, 15% in flesh, and 13% in intestines Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed plastic presence. Histopathological examination showed gut inflammation, epithelial damage, and liver alterations. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey's test) revealed significant correlations between water parameters and microplastic ingestion. Our findings highlight the impact of environmental factors on microplastic ingestion and distribution in freshwater fish tissues. This research informs mitigation strategies for reducing plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Methods Experimental design: 12 tanks with varying water parameters. Microplastic exposure: 1-5 mm plastic particles. Fish sampling: 10 fish/tank, dissected for tissue analysis. Analysis techniques: FTIR, and statistical modeling.

ABSTRACT<br><br> <br><br> The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of planning as a tool for enhancing administrative efficiency in the ministry of budget and economic planning Gusau, Zamfara State. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between planning and administrative efficiency, to examine the causes of administrative inefficiency, and to provide some suggestions on how best to improve administrative efficiency. The research hypotheses were then formulated from the research problems. The theoretical background of planning as a tool for enhancing administrative efficiency was analyzed to identify its relevance to the study. The conceptual framework was illustrated and the research variables discussed in depth. The empirical review of planning as a tool for enhancing administrative efficiency was analyzed to identify research gaps which the study sought to fill. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of which the targeted population was all the staffs working in the ministry of budget and economic planning Gusau, Zamfara State. The questionnaire where then coded and responses are analyzed using correlation techniques done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Analyzed data was then presented in tables. The study found out that proper planning had a significant influence on staff administrative efficiency in the ministry of budget and economic planning Gusau, Zamfara State. Further, the study recommends that the ministry should provide adequate planning to its staff in other to improve the performance of the staffs in the ministry.

Abstract<br> This study was carried out to examine The Impact of Tiktok on Youth Political Participation: A study of Nasarawa L.G.A, Nasarawa State. The study was specifically carried out to find out the Tiktok platform are used to facilitate democratic governance in Nigeria, determine how the Tiktok has contributed towards democratic governance in Nasarawa, ascertain the effectiveness of the Tiktok in facilitating democracy and good governance in Nasarawa, and identify the possible challenges associated with the use of the Tiktok platform in facilitating democratic good governance in Nasarawa. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of Journalist residing in Nasarawa Area. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 57 respondents and 50 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. The result of the findings reveals that the extent the Tiktok platforms are used to facilitate democratic governance in Nasarawa is high. Furthermore, the study also revealed that the possible challenges associated with the use of the Tiktok platform in facilitating democratic good governance in Nigeria includes: spread of misinformation and fake news, polarization of public opinion, online harassment and cyber bullying, and manipulation of Tiktok by political actors. Therefore, it is recommended that government institutions should leverage Tiktok platforms to enhance transparency and accountability in governance processes. This includes regularly updating citizens on government activities, policies, and decisions, as well as soliciting feedback and engaging in dialogue with the public. To mention but a few.

ABSTRACT <br><br><br><br><br><br> The study examined the influence of media ownership on press freedom in Nigeria: A Study of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State. The objectives of the study are to find out the extent to which Oyo State interferes with the operation of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State, to determine the areas in which the Oyo State Government interferes with the operations of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State, to find out the ways in which the interference of the Oyo State Government affects the operations of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State, and to inquire how management of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State believes the station could enjoy better press freedom. The theories employed are media ownership theory and political economy of the media theory. The methodology used was mixed method, and the research instruments used were the questionnaire and structured interview questions to collect relevant information from the sample. A total of 53 questionnaires were administered, and a complete survey enumeration method was used, and an interview was conducted with a media manager and an editor, and convenience sampling method was used. The data gathered from the questionnaires administered to journalists at the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 in the form of tables and percentages, and the data retrieved from the interview conducted with a media manager and an editor were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study's findings show that Oyo State Government ownership and control compromise press freedom and editorial independence at the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State. The study concluded that to promote credible and unbiased reporting, ensuring editorial independence and autonomy is crucial. Therefore, the management of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State should strive to balance its relationship with the government while maintaining its editorial independence, and the government should consider granting more autonomy to the station to ensure its credibility and effectiveness. The study recommended that governments should refrain from using ownership and funding as means of controlling media content and instead promote an enabling environment that fosters press freedom and editorial independence, and media outlets should prioritize transparency and accountability in their operations, including clear disclosure of ownership structures and funding sources, to promote trust and credibility with their audiences..