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This study examined the presence of enteric pathogens in stream waters, a vital resource for recreation, agriculture, and drinking water supply. Water samples from various locations along the stream were collected and analyzed for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter using standardized method. The stream water contamination with enteric pathogens poses a significant risk to public health. Using standardized methods, we detected and quantified these pathogens in 100 water samples. The concentration of these pathogens exceeded recommended limits, indicating a high risk of waterborne illness.

ABSTRACT<br> Normal pregnancy involves immune adaptations that promote maternal-fetal tolerance, including changes in immune cell populations and cytokine profiles. Preterm birth disrupts this delicate balance, potentially resulting from immune dysregulation triggered by infections, inflammation, or other factors. This study aims to investigate immunological parameters in preterm mothers attending Kwara State General Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.A cross-sectional study involving 150 preterm mothers and 50 non-pregnant women as controls was conducted at General Hospital, Ilorin. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Complete blood counts (CBC) were analyzed using a hematology autoanalyzer. CD4 counts were determined using flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and p-value was set at p30 years old. Preterm mothers exhibited significant reductions in Packed Cell Volume (30.69±4.99%), Hemoglobin (12.89±1.09g/dL), White Blood Cell count (6.40±1.65L/10^9), Absolute Lymphocyte Count (6.40±1.65L/10^9), and Absolute CD4 Count (517.51±65.19cell/mm^3) compared to controls (p

This study investigates the influence of physico-chemical water quality parameters on fish abundance in Dutsin-Ma Reservoir, Katsina State, Nigeria. Data were collected on key water parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, turbidity, and hardness, alongside fish species composition and abundance from February to April. Results showed that temperature (24.87–25.42°C), dissolved oxygen (6.87–7.87 mg/L), and turbidity (29.67–37.92 m) varied slightly across months, with a consistent hardness value (28 mg/L). Fish communities comprised six genera under two families—Cichlidae and Clariidae—with Oreochromis niloticus, Coptodon zillii, and Sarotherodon galilaeus being the most abundant species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, and alkalinity significantly influenced fish distribution, particularly favoring Coptodon zillii and Clarias gariepinus. Conversely, species like Hemichromis lifalili and Clarias anguillaris showed limited association with the measured variables. The study concludes that slight fluctuations in water quality significantly affect fish abundance and composition, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and effective water management to sustain fisheries in the reservoir. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, environmental managers, and local communities involved in aquatic resource conservation.

The study examined pricing strategy and the customer patronage food manufacturing firms in Nigeria with specific focus on Maina and New Era food Industry Limited., Aba. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of pricing strategy on the customer patronage of food manufacturing firms in Nigeria with, focus on Aba Abia State, while the specific objectives include; determine the effect of market — penetration pricing on the market share of the selected firm; ascertain the influence of predatory pricing on the customer patronage of selected firm; determine the influence of discriminatory pricing on the sales volume of selected firms. For the methodology, explorative survey design was employed in the study. The population of the study was 150, from which a sample size of 109 was statistically determined. Primary data was elicited through the structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated through content and face validity method, while the reliability was done through the Cronbach Alpha statistical tool. Chi- Square statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the findings indicate that penetration pricing have effect on the market share of food product; predatory pricing have influence on the customer patronage of food product; discriminatory pricing influences sales volume thereby contributing to the growth in sales. The researcher recommends that the firm should consolidate on its pricing policy as regards to the tremendous effect and influence recorded on the product; extending the same pricing policy on other products in their portfolio; adequate budgetary allocation for sales promotion in support of the food manufacturing firms..

The Role of Women in Rice Production in Jere Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria” aims to assess the roles of women in rice production in Jere LGA. Specific objectives were to determine socio-economic characteristics of women rice farmers, examine factors influencing their participation, identify specific roles women play in rice production, and examine constraints faced. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires and oral interviews; secondary data were drawn from textbooks, journals, and official sources. A multistage sampling procedure selected 60 women rice farmers across purposively chosen wards. Descriptive and inferential statistics (means, frequencies, percentages) were used. Results show farmers are within active ages, with varied education levels; most operate at small scale and face constraints including limited land access, restricted credit, lack of modern inputs, climate change impacts, pests/diseases, and limited market access. Recommendations include prioritizing rural women’s empowerment through access to credit, subsidized inputs, modern technologies, land rights recognition, and cooperative formation to improve productivity and food security.

This study aimed to examine the role of preservation and conservation of health records as a determinant<br> of quality healthcare delivery at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State. The specific<br> objectives were to assess the current practices of health records preservation, identify the challenges faced<br> by health information professionals, and propose strategies to improve record-keeping for enhanced<br> patient care.<br> A descriptive research design was adopted, and a total enumeration sampling technique was used to<br> include all 82 health information management professionals in the hospital. Data were collected through<br> structured questionnaires and analyzed using frequency tables and simple percentage analysis.<br> The findings revealed that effective preservation and conservation of health records significantly enhance<br> the quality of healthcare delivery. Specifically, proper record maintenance leads to faster retrieval of<br> patient information, supports clinical decision-making, and promotes continuity of care. However, key<br> challenges identified include inadequate funding, insufficient staff training, and high workload, all of<br> which hinder efficient health records management.<br> The study concludes that improving health record preservation practices is essential for achieving quality<br> healthcare delivery. It recommends regular staff training, increased funding, implementation of up-to-date<br> policies, and proper environmental control measures. These interventions will support the effective<br> management of health records and reduce the risk of medical errors, thereby improving patient outcome

While people are dealing with new technology they expect the way of their life become more comfortable, convinient and more secure through this technology. The remote controlling and monitoring of electronics devices is one of the development areas in this technology.

ABSTRACT<br><br> The study investigated framers readiness to craft a professional business plan and seek funding for their agribusiness in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State. Objectives of the study were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of agribusiness farmers in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council: determine the farmers current knowledge and skills related to business plan in the study area; determine the farmers level of commitment to developing and implement a business plan in the study area; and what are the potential barriers hindering farmers from writing a business plan in the study area. The targeted population were agribusiness farmers in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council. Multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 70 agribusiness farmers. Both primary and secondary data information were used in the study. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire, while secondary data information were obtained from journals and textbooks. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count, mean, and percentages. The results on socioeconomic characteristic revealed that majority of the respondents were male, married and with mean age of 40 years. On the areas of knowledge and skills, the findings reveals that the majority 35.71% of the respondents’ can write good executive summary of business plan which also had the highest percent. From the farmers level of Commitment to developing and implementing a business plan, the findings reveals that the majority 64.3% of the respondents’ were committed in implementing a business plan. This is so because it is an important aspect when starting up an agribusiness. While the minority 15.7% of the respondents’ were not committed in implementing a business plan, they view that implementing a business plan when starting up an agribusiness is not important at all. The study concluded that the majority of the respondents’ views that most challenging aspect that is hindering them from writing a business plan is creating a financial plan. While the minority of the respondents’ indicates that lack of knowledge of the business plan was their biggest challenges in writing a business plan.