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The study on “Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant <br><br> Women attending Antenatal Clinic at Aluu health center was undertaken to <br><br> ascertain pregnant women’s awareness of it, the proportion of pregnant women in <br><br> Aluu Health Center who have such plans, factors influencing making birth preparedness and complication readiness plans, and suggest measures to improve <br><br> birth preparedness and complication readiness. The conceptual framework for birth preparedness and complication readiness by JHPIEGO/MNH program (2001) was <br><br> used to explain the variables in the study. It is a descriptive study of a convenient <br><br> sample of 254 pregnant women registered for antenatal care. The research <br><br> instrument was a self-constructed, self-administered questionnaire which was administered on the spot. Results from the study showed that 203(79.92%) respondents have heard of birth preparedness and complication readiness while 51(20.05%) respondents have not heard of it. 212(83.46%) respondents have made <br><br> birth preparedness and complication readiness plans while 42(16.54%) did not <br><br> make birth preparedness and complication readiness plans. One hypothesis was <br><br> formulated and tested using chi-square at 95% confidence interval and P-value = <br><br> 0.05. Results; X²cal (35.56) and X²tab (11.07) were obtained and showed a <br><br> significant relationship between parity of pregnant women and birth preparedness <br><br> and complication readiness hence suggesting the need for multiparous women to <br><br> be educated on the importance of birth preparedness and complication readiness.

INTRODUCTION : It has been established in different studies that the absence of inter-professional collaboration in the health sector has negative impact on both the health workers and care outcome. This is a threat to provision of health care services.<br><br><br><br><br> AIM : The objective of this study is to assess the level of collaborative care among healtheare providers in UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State.<br><br><br><br><br> METHODOLOGY: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design that used stratified sampling technique to select 255 healthcare workers, to whom self-structured questionnaire were administered to obtain data on study objective. The data were analyzed using<br><br><br><br><br> SPSS (version 25).<br><br><br><br><br> RESULT : The result revealed that there was no practice of collaborative care among health professionals in UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital. About three-quarters of respondents, 72 (72%) strongly disagreed with the practice of collaborative care among themselves. Among all the six challenges investigated in the study, the narcissistic personalities of some healthcare workers hac the greatest hindrance to collaborative care. It was seconded by the narcissism of doctors and inability of medical staff to seek opinion<br><br><br><br><br> CONCLUSION : The study concluded that there is no collaborative care practice amon respondents of different profession. Similarly, challenges is posed to information flow an hinders the performance of healthcare services and its outcome on the patient. The researche recommends that the hospital management should organise workshop and seminar on importance of collaborative care for all staff.

Oleogels have gained a lot of interest as a delivery system for a variety of pharmaceuticals<br> because they provide controlled drug release, enhance drug stability and improve<br> bioavailability.<br> Aim: The aim of this study was to prepare drug-loaded (Ciprofloxacin) soya oil based<br> oleogels with Cab-o-Sil® as the gelator for possible use in treatment of minor skin abrasions<br> and also in class I and II skin tears.<br> Methods: The oleogels were prepared by solid fibre mechanism. The prepared oleogels were<br> characterized for their organoleptic properties, morphological properties, rheological behavior,<br> size and particle size distribution, time monitored pH, applicability (spreadability and<br> extrudability), drug release and compatibility of the drug with the formulation excipients.<br> Result: The oleogels were found to be odourless, whitish semisolid with smooth texture. The<br> critical gelator concentration of Cab-o-sil® in soya oil was found to be 6%w/v, pH was 5.05-<br> 5.75, particle size (≤ 269 µm ) with PDI of 0.435, spreadability (1.7- 4.4cm/s), extrudability<br> (2.31-3.9 %). The oleogels were non-newtonian and were of pseudoplastic nature. The drug<br> and the excipients were compatible as indicated by FTIR studies. Drug release was in the range<br> of 18.48-30.52% after one hour for all the batches.<br> Conclusion: The oleogel formulation provides good absorption characteristics and maintains<br> its integrity throughout its shelf life.

ABSTRACT<br><br> The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting physical and health <br><br> education curriculum implementation in Ikono Local Government Area of Akwa <br><br> Ibom State. To achieve this purpose, four null hypotheses were formulated and <br><br> tested at 0.05 level of significance. There was a detailed reviewed of literature on <br><br> the variables of the study. The researcher considered survey research design as <br><br> the most suitable for the study. Census sampling approach was adopted to select <br><br> all the fourteen public secondary schools and fifty eight physical and health <br><br> education teachers in the study area. A structured questionnaire was the <br><br> instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to validity test <br><br> by relevant authorities. To test the hypotheses formulated for the study, Pearson <br><br> product moment correlation statistical tool was selected for data analysis. The <br><br> hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result obtained from the <br><br> analysis of data and testing of hypotheses in the study revealed that there was a <br><br> significant relationship between knowledge of subject matter, availability of <br><br> physical facilities, funding, principal supervision and physical and health <br><br> education curriculum implementation in public secondary schools in the study <br><br> area. Based on these findings it was partly recommended that school <br><br> administrators should ensure that only teachers with sound knowledge are <br><br> recruited, trained and retrained in order to ensure competence and promote the <br><br> teaching of Physical and Health Education.

Encroachment remains a critical challenge in protected area management, often overlooked in favor of urban land-use studies. This research examines encroachment hotspots, spatial distribution patterns, and temporal trends while exploring the relationship between encroachment activities and perpetrator apprehensions to assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.<br><br><br> The study relies on secondary data, including maps of the study area, perpetrator apprehension records (2016–2023), and multi-date satellite imagery (2017–2023). Remote sensing and geospatial analyses were employed, including change detection techniques to assess land-use shifts, Nearest Neighbor Analysis for spatial distribution, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics and Kernel Density Estimation for hotspot identification. Regression and correlation analyses were applied to evaluate trends in encroachment and apprehensions.<br><br><br> Findings indicate significant spatial variability in encroachment across Old Oyo National Park, characterized by vegetation loss and expansion of cropland, rangeland, and built-up areas, largely driven by intensified grazing and settlement activities. While temporal analysis suggests a declining trend in encroachment—potentially due to conservation efforts—spatial patterns reveal clustering, particularly in the Marguba and Yemoso Ranges, identified as major hotspots. Although apprehensions have moderately increased, weak correlations suggest additional influencing factors beyond law enforcement efforts.<br><br><br> The study concluded that while encroachment is decreasing, and it’s concentrated at Marguba and Yemoso Ranges. There is need therefore for conservation strategies, integrating satellite imagery and crime data to enhance law enforcement, surveillance, and sustainable land management.

ABSTRACT<br><br> The study investigated the effect of Grammar Translation Method Employed for Teaching Grammar in Ilorin South, Kwara State. The study adopted an experimental research design, performance test was to provide answer to the three research questions and three hypotheses. The study convered two junior secondary schools randomly. In each of the schools, a total number of Twenty-Five (25) Students were selected to participate in the study, making a total of fifty (50) students in all. The data obtained through performance test (pre-test and post-test) were analysed using Analysis of Covariance at 0.05 level of significance. <br><br> The findings of this study showed that there is significant difference in the academic performance of students taught grammar with grammar translation method and those taught with conventional method, there is no significant gender effect in the academic performance of male students taught grammar with grammar translation method and their counterparts taught with conventional method and there is significant effect of school type on the academic performance of private and public schools students in grammar. <br><br> The study concludes by recommending, among others, that educational planners and the government should provide adequate fund to schools to purchase required and relevant teaching resources. Teachers of grammar should employ the required methods in teaching the subject. An English teacher should adopt the grammar translation method in teaching grammar. Parents should coach their children at home with different methods at their disposal.

Reliable communication during emergencies is crucial, yet traditional systems often fail due to network congestion or infrastructure damage. This project proposes a decentralized, self-configuring wireless mesh network using Raspberry Pi to provide an alternative communication solution in disaster scenarios.<br><br><br> A robust server mesh network was developed with Raspberry Pi as the core server, enabling mobile devices to communicate via an Android application without internet access. The system supported multiple devices, ensured secure data transmission, and included message caching for efficient data delivery in unstable environments. The methodology involved configuring Raspberry Pi nodes over Wi-Fi, integrating VNC Viewer for remote management, and testing connectivity, message transmission, and error handling. Results confirmed stable communication, reliable data transfer, and system resilience even under node failures. This project demonstrates the feasibility of mesh networks for emergency communication, offering a scalable, fault-tolerant solution. Future enhancements could improve security, scalability, and broader disaster-response applications.

Visual representation in chemistry textbooks play a crucial role in enhancing <br> student’ understanding of abstract concept, such as decomposition reactions. In <br> Nigeria, secondary school chemistry education heavily relies on textbooks as primary <br> instructional materials. However, the accuracy, clarity, and pedagogical quality of <br> these visual representation remain underexplored, raising concerns about their <br> effectiveness in supporting student’ conceptual learning. Therefore, this study <br> analysed the visual representation of decomposition reaction in Nigeria secondary <br> school chemistry textbooks.<br> This study used a qualitative content analysis approach to examine the visual <br> representation of decomposition reaction in Nigeria secondary chemistry textbooks. <br> Employing a descriptive and interpretive framework based on Johnstone’s triangle <br> (microscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels), the study assessed how visuals <br> support conceptual understanding. Three widely used and officially approved <br> textbook were purposively sampled, and a coding framework adapted from Chen et <br> al. (2020) guided the analysis, focusing on representation levels, functions, text-visual <br> relationships, and linkages. Data collection involved identifying and categorizing <br> visuals related to decomposition reactions, while both qualitative and quantitative <br> methods, including descriptive statistics and bar charts, were used for data analysis. <br> Validity and reliability were ensured through expert reviews, inter-rater reliability <br> checks.<br> Senior secondary school chemistry textbooks mainly employ macro and <br> symbolic visual representations to illustrate decomposition reactions. New School <br> Chemistry and Comprehensive Chemistry use only this type, while Essential <br> Chemistry includes some purely symbolic visuals. In New School Chemistry and <br> Comprehensive Chemistry, these visuals serve interpretational purposes, whereas in <br> Essential Chemistry, they are used solely for organizational functions. Across all <br> three textbooks, the visual representations are entirely aligned with the accompany <br> text, showing full relevance. Additionally, they all demonstrate complete and <br> sufficient correlation across multiple level of representations, reflecting strong <br> integration between visuals and textual content.<br> The study concluded that senior secondary school chemistry textbooks <br> consistently depict decomposition reactions using predominantly macroscopic and <br> symbolic visual representations, with Essential Chemistry also including purely <br> symbolic visuals and for organization clarity. All three textbooks show complete <br> alignment between visuals and text and a strong correlation across multiple levels of <br> representation, promoting coherent and effective learning of decomposition <br> reactions. The study recommended that textbook authors should consider <br> incorporating a balanced mix of macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic <br> representations to provide students with a more comprehensive and multi-level understanding of decomposition reaction