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Furunculosis presents as a progressively severe staphylococcal skin infection, marked by a honey-crusted, recurrent boil that remains latent and tends to reappear in susceptible individuals. It typically affects areas with hair follicles like the neck, armpit, and buttocks. The recurrence of this condition has been linked to the presence of multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. This study was therefore carried out to test the efficacy of different brands of ampiclox on isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from pus from consented volunteers through a microbiological assay. <br> A total sum of fourty pus samples was collected from volunteers with cases of furunculosis. Biochemical tests were then carried out to identify isolates of Staphylococcus aureus present in the pus sample collected.<br> The results from the microbiological assay carried out using the cup plate method,<br> indicated that the isolates were 100% resistant to the three brands of ampiclox used and molecular characterization showed that some of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates that were resistant to the antibiotic possessed a plasmid band that could be responsible for resistance.

ABSTRACT<br><br> The project aimed at producing Moi-moi flours from beans and sweet potato blend flour and the qualities investigated. Four samples were obtained, Sample A (100% beans flour), Sample B (100% sweet potato flour), Sample C (70% beans flour and 30% sweet potato flour) and Sample D (30% beans flour and 70% sweet potato flour). The samples with different formulations of moi-moi flour were evaluated for Functional Properties, Proximate Composition, Microbiological Qualities and Sensory Evaluation. The results of functional properties of beans and sweet potato flour revealed that, water absorption capacity ranged from 1.40% - 1.60%, swelling capacity of the samples is from 4.8% - 5.2% and bulk density of the samples ranged from 0.60% - 0.70%. The result of the proximate analysis of moi-moi from beans and sweet potato revealed that the moisture content ranged from 7.8% - 8.6%, ash content is from 2.0% - 3.5% fat content ranged from 3.4% - 4.6% protein content ranged from 7.70% - 14.80% and carbohydrate content was calculated by difference which ranged from 65.75% - 75.10%. The result of microbial analysis for enumeration of Total Plate Count (TPC), Coliform Bacteria, Yeast and Mould of the samples. Total Plate Count of samples ranged from

Abstract <br><br><br> The objective of this work is to construct a saline level monitoring system to facilitate medical staffs in order to notify them when the saline level is almost empty or below the setting value.After installing the saline bottle to a load cell module, the load cell will be used to measure the weight of the saline. The weight from the load will be transferred to microcontroller to start alarming until the doctor notify the alarm and take an action.<br><br><br> The are 4 tests to validate the performance of the developed system. The first test is performed by comparing between the weight measured with developed system and the weight of the standard weight. The results show the percentage errors between them are within 0.43%. the second test is to examine the relationship between the weight measured by the load cell and the saline volume dispensed from the infusion pump machine. The relationship between the average weights and the volumes is found to be approximately 1g per 1ml. The third test is carried out by comparing between the volume measured with the developed system and the volumes measured with the infusion pump system. The results indicate that the percentage errors are within 2.13%.finally,the finally the minimum volume detected by the developed system is found to be 4ml. The results indicate that the developed system is able to help in monitoring the saline volume in the bottle from a distance and give the notification when the saline level reaches the pre defined critical volume and will give alarm

This study investigated the digestibility and water intake of grower rabbits fed graded levels of chicken grower mash (concentrate) with groundnut haulms. The study was conducted at the Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Animal Science, Bayero University, Kano. Twelve (12) grower rabbits aged 4-5 weeks with an average initial weight of 450g were used for the study. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments (T1, T2, and T3) in which 0%, 10% and 20% grower mash (concentrate) was assigned to the three treatments respectively and four replicates per treatment. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks (42 days) during which feed and water were provided ad libitum. Parameters measured were nutrient digestibility and water intake. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using JMP (SAS) 17.0, significant (p

ABSTRACTUniform plant distribution is essential for yield stability in peppers, with optimal spacings varying by type. Plant density affects yields in cayenne pepper (C. frutescens), but research on seed yield and plant populations is limited. In Nigeria, low yields stem from challenges like climate and weed competition. Understanding how different seed bed types impact germination and growth is crucial, yet more focused studies are needed. The research was conducted at the University of Abuja in Gwagwalada, Nigeria.A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used to assess the effects of two seed bed types on Capsicum frutescens: (1) Open field and (2) Raised bed. Uniform seeds were sterilized with a 0.5% bleach solution before sowing. Seeds were sown directly or transplanted into raised beds. Measured growth parameters weekly and recorded yield parameters at harvest. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to determine treatment differences. The raised seedbed provided optimal conditions for germination and growth of Capsicum frutescens. The growth and yield of Capsicum Frutescens (chili pepper) are significantly influenced by seed bed type. This research found that raised seed beds resulted in the highest germination rate (90%) due to better drainage and aeration, while flat beds had a lower rate (78%) due to moisture retention. Raised beds improve root development, nutrient uptake, and resilience to diseases and harsh weather, leading to healthier plants and increased fruit yield. They also facilitate better irrigation management. Conversely, flat beds are easier to prepare but can suffer from waterlogging in heavy rainfall, which may hinder plant growth unless irrigation is carefully managed. Overall, raised beds are recommended for areas with poor drainage, while flat beds can be effective in well-draining soils. The choice of seed bed should consider environmental conditions to optimize yield and support sustainable farming practices.

This research explores the historical relationship between the Yakurr and Arochukwu communities in southeastern Nigeria, focusing on their religious, cultural, and acculturative interactions. The study examines the traditional beliefs and practices of both groups, highlighting their distinct and shared cultural elements. The Yakurr and Arochukwu, while both part of the Igboid language family, exhibit unique dialects and cultural contexts. The Arochukwu's centralized social system, influenced by the Ekpe secret society, contrasts with the Yakurr's decentralized, clan-based structure. Economically, the Arochukwu's dominance in regional trade contrasts with the Yakurr's more localized activities. The research investigates the traditional religious practices and beliefs of each community, noting the Arochukwu's use of the Ibini Ukpabi oracle compared to the Yakurr's decentralized spirituality. The study also addresses the cultural festivals, social structures, and daily life roles that shape their respective identities. The historical interactions between the Yakurr and Arochukwu reveal a complex interplay of cooperation and conflict, influenced by external factors such as colonialism and missionary activities. The research examines the processes of acculturation resulting from their interactions, including the adoption of cultural practices and beliefs and the challenges faced during this process. Overall, the findings illustrate the dynamic relationship between these communities, marked by economic competition, cultural resistance, and varying responses to external influences. The study contributes to understanding how historical interactions have shaped the cultural and religious landscapes of the Yakurr and Arochukwu, offering insights into their shared and distinct identities.

ThisstudyassessesthephysicochemicalqualityofrawwaterfromAjiwaDamduringthepeak of the rainy season.Water samples were collected from three different locations and analyzed for temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The resultsshowedminorvariationsacrosscollectionperiods,withturbiditypeakinginthesecond collection, likely due to increased runoff, while DO levels exhibited a steady increase, suggestingimprovedaeration.ThepHremainedslightlyalkalineacrossallsamples,andTDS levelswererelativelystable,indicatingminimalexternalcontamination.Thefindingshighlight the importance of regular water quality monitoring to ensure the sustainability of Ajiwa Dam as a key water source. Recommendations include continued assessment, pollution control measures, and improved water management strategies.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br> Bisphenol A is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is an example of an enivironmental toxicant. BPA is known as an endocrine distruptor especially in inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to investigate the influence of post-weaning bisphenol A on inflammatory markers, neurotransmitter levels, and cerebellar histopathology in male Wistar rats, and also the potential protective effects of silymarin, known as an antioxidant. Thirty-two newly weaned male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups; a control group, bisphenol A-treated group, silymarin-treated group, and bisphenol A + silymarin-treated group. Animals were administered daily for eight weeks via oral gavage. The BPA-treated group received 100mg/kg of BPA, while the silymarin group were administered 50mg/kg of silymarin. Blood and cerebellum samples were collected at the end of the study, and biochemical assays were performed to measure inflammatory markers, including dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, interleukin-1beta (IL-1B), iron content, myeloperoxidase (MPO), serotonin, tumor necrosis factors-a (TNF-a), noradrenaline, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Histological analysis of the cerebellar tissues was also conducted.<br><br><br> The result shows that exposure to BPA drastically increased inflammation, by increasing TNF-a, IL-1β, MPO, decreased dopamine, increased acetylcholinesterase,, decreased serotonin, decreased noraderanalin, and also caused an increase in iron content. Neurotransmitter disruptors, including decreased dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin, were observed in the BPA-treated groups, suggesting neurotoxicity. Histopathological evaluation revealed disrupted cerebellar screening in BPA-treated rats, with focal inflammatory cell filtration. However, silymarin administration lessen these biochemical and histological changes, revealing its protective impact against BPA-induced neurotoxicity.