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The research was carried out to improve the growth performance of Moringa stand using N (Urea) and NPK fertilizer 20:10 :10 at different rate (15g and 20g). Fifty two stands were found in the Moringa stand in which six per treatment considered. The data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The growth parameters measured are (total height and collar diameter) at every two weeks interval for the period of six weeks. The stand height for treatment 1 (5.5, 6.2, and 6.9), Trt 2 (4.8, 5.6, and 6.3). The stand diameter treatment 1 (2.26, 2.52, and 2.62), Trt 2 (1.99, 2.13,and 2.34). This study conclude that 20g NPK fertilizer improved growth performance of Moringa oleifera.

ABSTRACT Land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes significantly impact ecological balance, biodiversity and resource sustainability. This study focused on spatio-temporal analysis of LULC changes in Odun Forest Reserve, Kwara State, Nigeria to evaluate the extent, patterns and drivers of forest-cover transformations over a 41-year period. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed to analyze LULC changes from 1984 to 2025, using the iso-cluster (unsupervised) image classification methods. Landsat images of 1984 (TM), 1999 (ETM), 2003 (ETM), 2014 (OLI/TC) and 2025 (OLI-2/TC) were used to evaluate the spatial extent, change trends and dynamics within the forest reserve. Five major land-uses/cover classes were distinguished within the reserve, which include forest plantation, natural forest, farmland/waterbodies, fallowland/mining and bareland. The results revealed substantial changes in the forest reserve, over the entire study period (1984-2025), there were losses in natural forest (146.52 ha, -39.6%), farmland/waterbodies (-196.65 ha, -80.9%) and bareland (-60.57 ha, 37.1%) at an annual rate of -0.97%, -1.97% and -1.5%, respectively. In contrast, an increase was observed in forest plantation 336.87 ha (5424.6%) and fallowland/mining 66.87ha (14860.0%) at 132.3% and 362.4% per annum, respectively. The results further showed a decreasing trend for natural forest due to illegal exploitation and forest destruction during mining activities, while forest plantation and fallowland/mining areas were predicted to be on the rise. The land-cover maps produced in this study will serve as a planning and management tool to guide reforestation activities and other specific interventions in the forest reserve.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how sexuality education affected the number of unprotected sexual encounters among secondary school pupils in Edo State's Ovia North East Local Government area. The purpose of this study is to look into how sexuality education affects the number of secondary school students engaging in unprotected sexual activity. Students' sexual behavior is influenced by sexuality education. Students in secondary school will be inspired to take sexuality education seriously by this research project. The concept of sexuality education was studied among secondary school students, along with its effects on lowering unprotected sexual encounters, the role of parents in teaching sexuality education, the knowledge and attitudes of secondary school students regarding sexuality education, and the obstacles to its promotion in secondary schools. Five distinct research questions were posed during the study in order to direct it. 3160 secondary school students in the Ovia North East Local Government area of Edo State made up the study population, and 300 respondents were used for the sampling process. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The researcher created a structured questionnaire that was used as the data collection tool. For descriptive analysis, basic percentage and frequency were used to examine the gathered data. The study's conclusions regarding how sexuality education affects the decrease in unprotected sexual encounters among secondary school students The researcher discovered that little is known about the effects of sexuality education on secondary school pupils in Edo State's Ovia North East Local Government area. Additionally, the research revealed that not all secondary schools currently teach sexuality education, which restricts students' access to the knowledge they need to refrain from unprotected sexual activity. Additionally, it was discovered that the majority of parents dislike talking about sexual health. This has also made it more difficult to teach students about sexual health, as parents should play a significant role in sexuality education.It is important to teach secondary school students how to use condoms and other forms of contraception for sexually active individuals, as a significant portion of them lack knowledge about these products.

ABSTRACT:This research sought to find out the effect of Petrol pump price on the agricultural subsectors from 1990-2022. The specific objectives were to: evaluate the trend in petrol pump price and performance of agricultural sectors, investigate the effect of Petrol pump price on consumer’s behaviour and determine the effects of petrol pump price fluctuation on the performance of agricultural sector. Secondary data were employed for the study. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach was employed to establish co-integration between series. The estimated long and short-run models parameters demonstrated stability, best quality, efficiency, and unbiased results. The result revealed that the coefficient of the trend variable of petrol pump price (0.1491), livestock (0.1548), crop (0.1804), forestry (0.1599), fishery (0.1921) and Total Agricultural GDP (0.1782) respectively were all positive and significant. The compound growth rate results showed a positive growth rate for all the variables while the quadratic equation confirms a deceleration in the growth and agricultural sectors performance. The study also established macroeconomics variables like interest rate, petrol pump price and GDP per capita negative and positive significant relationship with consumer’s behaviour of farmers in the long and short-run. The results of the effects of petrol pump price fluctuation on performance of agricultural sector revealed that macroeconomic policy variables differently influence significantly on the performances of the agricultural sector (livestock, crop, fishery, forestry and total agriculture) in both the long and short-run model. The implications of the findings justify that petrol price should be stabilized to stimulate output in crop production, fishing, forestry and livestock subsectors output in Nigeria. Generally, low and stable growth in petrol pump price should be encouraged. There should be a decrease in exchange rate and inflation to increase borrowing for agricultural production and the purchasing power of consumers which would help increase total Agricultural GDP. This would ensure mild increase in price and encourage producers in these subsectors.

ABSTRACT This study explores the influence of online new on news consumption patterns among undergraduates in Ikere Ekiti. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, the study addressed issues regarding the extent of social media usage for news consumption, motivations for using social media for news, and factors influencing news consumption through these platforms. Existing studies have focused mainly on social media usage and its impact on political participation, socialization, and academic performance. Consequently, a gap is observed in the existing literature concerning the magnitude of social media utilization and its impact on the news consumption patterns of undergraduates in ikere Ekiti. This research is framed within the foundational principles of the Functional Displacement Hypothesis and Diffusion of Innovation Theories. The results elucidate the noteworthy influence of online news on the news consumption behaviors of undergraduates in the designated area WhatsApp and Instagram emerged as the most frequently used platforms for news consumption. Motives for using online news for news ranged from seeking relevant information to social interaction and staying updated on news. Undergraduates displayed a considerable dedication of time, with over half of respondents spending five hours or more on social media for news consumption. Factors influencing news consumption on online news encompassed digital literacy, demographics, and news credibility. This study underscores the need for media literacy programmes to empower undergraduates to critically evaluate news content on social media. It also suggests the importance of raising awareness about responsible social media usage. Diversification of news sources and promotion of credible news outlets can contribute to a well- rounded news consumption experience for undergraduates.

ABSTRACT Chewing sticks are commonly used as oral hygiene tool in various parts of the world. It is an affordable oral hygiene device that helps to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. The results of the antibacterial assay depict that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plant parts demonstrated inhibitory activity on the growth of the tested bacteria. The aqueous extracts of both Distemonanthus benthamianus were found to be activeagainst Streptococcus mutan,a key plaque-forming oral bacterium. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by the Streptococcus mutans isolates to antibiotics Amoxiclin, (25μ g), Ciprofloxacine (30μg) and Penicillin (25μg). The result showed that Streptococcus mutans susceptible to Amoxicllin,(25 μ g), Ciprofloxacine (30 μ g) and Penicillin (25 μ g) and resistant to Ampicillin and vancomycin.The antibacterial activity of water and crude ethanol extract were elucidate and it was observed that at 25μg, Distemonanthus benthamianus have the highest zone of inhibition at 7.0mm and least in Distemonanthus benthamianus at 5.0mm against Streptococcus mutans. This account for the potency of Distemnonanthus benthamianus and the reason it is a very important medicinal plant,with various uses in the herbal world.

This study examined social media advertising among Ado-Ekiti youths. Findings showed high consumption of social media ads, awareness of social media's importance, and effectiveness in influencing buying decisions. Recommendations were made to rectify discrepancies, and further study was suggested to generalize findings to other tertiary institutions.

This study examines the prevalence, nature, causes, and effects of corrupt practices among officials of the Kano State Road Traffic Agency (KAROTA) in Kano Metropolis. The research investigates how unethical behaviors such as bribery, extortion, abuse of power, and embezzlement affect traffic management efficiency, road safety, and public trust in government institutions. A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from 120 KAROTA officials selected through a simple random sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were used to gather quantitative data, which were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage distributions. Findings reveal that corruption within KAROTA is widespread and primarily driven by factors such as low salaries, weak institutional oversight, political interference, and public tolerance of unethical behavior. The study further shows that these practices undermine road safety, encourage indiscipline among motorists, and erode public confidence in the agency’s operations. Based on these findings, the research recommends improved remuneration and welfare for officials, stronger monitoring and accountability mechanisms, enhanced ethical training, and strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws. Overall, the study contributes to understanding how institutional corruption affects public service delivery in Nigeria and provides practical strategies for promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance within traffic management agencies.