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The study examined the retirement planning behaviour of secondary school teachers in Ife Central Local Government Area, Osun State, with emphasis on their awareness of retirement issues and preparedness for life after formal employment. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised secondary school teachers in the area, from which 100 respondents were selected across six schools using a two-stage sampling technique to ensure gender and experience representation. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages.<br><br> <br><br> Findings revealed a generally high level of awareness of retirement among teachers. About 91.4% strongly agreed that retirement requires early planning, while 90% acknowledged the importance of knowing their exact retirement age. In terms of preparedness, only 62.9% were considered prepared for retirement. Although 55.7% of respondents consistently contributed to pension funds and 72.9% maintained healthy lifestyle choices, just 22.9% had multiple income sources planned for retirement.<br><br> <br><br> Teachers also reported strong use of budgeting tools and digital financial planning platforms. However, several barriers to adequate retirement readiness were identified, including low salaries, heavy family responsibilities, inadequate pension education, and insufficient financial literacy.<br><br> <br><br> The study concluded that while secondary school teachers in Ife Central possess substantial awareness and moderate preparedness for retirement, many still face significant structural and financial constraints that limit effective retirement planning. It therefore recommended improved pension education, strengthened cooperative societies, encouragement of side businesses, and broader financial literacy initiatives to enhance teachers’ retirement preparedness and long-term financial security.

Abstract<br> <br> This study investigates the role of leadership in achieving organizational objectives, with a focus on the Kwara State Town Planning Authority, Ilorin. It explores how leadership styles, motivation, and management practices influence organizational performance. Drawing on theories such as autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and bureaucratic leadership, the research highlights the importance of effective leadership in coordinating resources, motivating staff, and ensuring organizational success. Findings reveal that leadership is central to achieving organizational goals, with participative and democratic styles fostering better cooperation and productivity. The study concludes that leadership is indispensable in public administration and recommends reforms to strengthen leadership practices in the Town Planning Authority.

A Local Government is the third tier of government with semi-autonomous territorial unit with general laws backed up by the constitution of a country. Nigeria specifically, Local Government is saddled with local responsibilities and they are also the tier closer to people.<br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br> This research investigated the topic on Local Governments and Grassroots Development in Nigeria using Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state as a case study. The main focus of this study is to discover the ways Lagelu Local Government Area has enhances grassroots development in the area and to identify if the Local Government Area has the amenities and resources for the grassroots development of its area. Primary data were presented and analyzed from its original form in this study. Data collected were analyzed using tables which shows the major challenges faced by the Local Government Area, among the challenges are political interferences, lack of autonomy, corruption, insufficient funds and revenues and others. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on Structural functionalism theory. Various concepts relating to the topic were reviewed. Solutions to the challenges faced by the Local Government Area were highlighted and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of Local Government were given.

The development of a University Document Management System (UDMS) addresses the growing need for efficient, secure, and reliable handling of academic and administrative documents within higher education institutions. Traditional paper-based and fragmented digital systems often result in document loss, duplication, slow retrieval, and poor access control, thereby reducing institutional efficiency. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a computerized document management system tailored to university operations. The proposed system enables the creation, storage, indexing, retrieval, sharing, and archiving of documents such as student records, staff files, examination materials, memos, and policy documents through a centralized digital platform. The system incorporates role-based access control, document versioning, audit trails, and backup mechanisms to enhance security, accountability, and data integrity. A structured systems development methodology was adopted, involving requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The developed system significantly reduces processing time, minimizes operational costs, improves information accessibility, and enhances decision-making efficiency. The study concludes that the implementation of a University Document Management System can greatly improve administrative effectiveness and support the digital transformation agenda of universities.

ABSTRACT<br> The juvenile justice system is a critical component of any society’s legal framework, designed to<br> address the unique needs and circumstances of young offenders. In the case of Nigeria, where a<br> significant proportion of the population is under the age of 18, it is imperative to ensure that the<br> juvenile justice system is both effective and fair. This long essay undertakes a comprehensive<br> examination of the juvenile justice administration in Nigeria, with a particular focus on its<br> critical aspects, strengths, and areas in need of reform. This long essay is doctrinal in approach,<br> combining descriptive and analytical methods. Reason being that, on the one hand the topic<br> under consideration is germane in the Nigerian legal system and as such a careful observation of<br> what is obtainable would help a great deal. On the other hand, the use of facts and information<br> already available is being analyzed; and by analyzing, it seeks to shed light on the strengths and<br> weaknesses of Nigeria’s juvenile justice system. The initial findings reveal a complex landscape<br> characterized by both progress and challenges. While Nigeria has made significant strides in<br> establishing legal frameworks and institutions to protect the rights and welfare of juvenile<br> offenders, several issues persist. One of the key preliminary findings is the inadequacy of<br> infrastructure and resources, which hampers the proper functioning of juvenile facilities and<br> rehabilitation programs. This inadequacy not only affects the rehabilitation process but also the<br> safety and well-being of juvenile detainees. Furthermore, the long essay highlights disparities in<br> the treatment of juvenile offenders within different regions of Nigeria, with urban centers often<br> having more resources and better facilities compared to rural areas. The long essay also<br> examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the gaps left by<br> government institutions and the potential for collaboration to enhance the juvenile justice system.<br> Additionally, it delves into the issue of access to legal representation for juvenile offenders, as well as the age at which young individuals are tried as adults, raising questions about the<br> adequacy of age-based distinctions in the legal system. In conclusion, this long essay critically<br> evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the juvenile justice administration in Nigeria. It<br> emphasizes the urgent need for reform to ensure that the system effectively rehabilitates young<br> offenders and protects their rights. The long essay’s findings are not only relevant to Nigeria but<br> also hold implications for other countries seeking to improve their juvenile justice systems. It is<br> hoped that this long essay will contribute to a more equitable and effective juvenile justice<br> system in Nigeria and serve as a foundation for further exploration of this critical issue.

There is increasing recognition and use of formal Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)<br> mechanisms in settling disputes in the country. But the full potential of this method of<br> dispute resolution is yet to be fully realized or tapped in matrimonial disputes. This study<br> appraises the application of Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods in resolving marriage<br> dispute. Using the doctrinal methodology of research this study reveals that various<br> Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms are not statutorily recognized except<br> reconciliation as provided in the Matrimonial Causes Act which is also underutilized. This<br> study also reveals that parties seeking reconciliation usually do not use the ADR mechanism<br> however, the few cases recorded so far are those marriages that has reached the verge of<br> irretrievable breakdown and also when parties are seeking for an order of Maintenance,<br> Custody and Property division. It further reveals that there are various benefits of the<br> adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution over litigation in marital dispute using the Edo<br> State Multi-door Court House as a case study. This study recommends amongst others that<br> there should be a Legislative framework incorporating all other ADR mechanisms that will<br> enhance the resolution of marital dispute.

This research is set to examine the Effect of Classroom Environment on Learning outcomes of Biology Students. A Case study in some selected secondary Schools in Ondo West Local Government, Ondo State.In order to determine the effect of classroom environment on learning outcomes of students , methodology is a veritable tool for the conveyance of the principle of classroom environment on learning outcomes which serves as crucial materials for students for the achievement of their goals in school. The objective of this study among others is to proffer necessary remedies from which four research questions would be drawn to guide the study. The research design used for the study was a descriptive survey with a sample size of 100 students randomly selected from some selected secondary Schools. A researcher-designed questionnaire will be used to gather the respondents' information and opinion. Frequency counts and simple percentages was used in analyzing the demographic data, while mean scores will be used in analyzing the research questions. Recommendations will be made on the basis of the findings from the analysis.

The study examined influence of students characteristics on academic performance of biology students in secondary schools in Ethiope East LGA Delta State. Three research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research design used was survey research design. The population of the study consists of all secondary school Biology students in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State for the 2023/2024 academic session. The simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study to sample one hundred and twenty (120) secondary school students from five (5) selected secondary schools. Data gathered were analysed using the mean, standard deviation and student independent samples t-test statistics. After data analysis, the following findings were made; (i) there is no significant difference in the male and female biology students performance (ii) there is no significant difference in the biology students’ performance based on age, (iii) there is a significant difference in the mean achievement scores of biology student in public and private schools. From the research findings it was concluded that (i) sex does not influence biology students performance, (ii) age does not influence biology students performance, (iii) school type influences biology students performance and recommended that; educators and policymakers should focus on developing inclusive biology curricula, governments and educational authorities should invest in upgrading infrastructure and distributing quality learning materials to public schools among others.