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This study investigates the coordination chemistry of ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with selected first-row transition metals—nickel(II), copper(II), and iron(II)—to explore the structural, physicochemical, and potential therapeutic enhancements resulting from metal complexation. The research was motivated by the need to improve the pharmacological performance of ibuprofen, particularly by increasing its solubility, reducing gastrointestinal toxicity, and enhancing its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Ibuprofen-metal complexes were synthesized via ligand exchange reactions under mild ethanol-based conditions using stoichiometric ratios of metal salts to ibuprofen. The resulting coordination complexes were characterized using standard physicochemical methods, including solubility testing and melting point determination. The observed changes in solubility and thermal properties, relative to the free ligand, provided preliminary evidence of successful coordination. The metal complexes generally exhibited higher melting points and altered solubility profiles compared to uncomplexed ibuprofen, indicating increased thermal stability and modified physicochemical behavior. The results support the hypothesis that transition metal ions, through coordination with the carboxylate group of ibuprofen, significantly influence the structural and pharmacodynamic properties of the parent drug. The synthesized metal–ibuprofen complexes hold promise for further exploration as metallotherapeutics, especially in the design of anti-inflammatory agents with improved efficacy and reduced adverse effects. Further studies involving spectroscopic characterization (e.g., FTIR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis) and biological assays are recommended to establish the full pharmacological potential of these complexes

The study examined financial risk management in the banking industry: The Nigeria perspective. Data was drawn from a convenient sampling technique, sample size 56, management staffs of Access Bank of Nigeria Plc. Simple percentage and frequency distribution table were used for demographic data analysis. Simple linear regression was used for the test of hypotheses using statistical package for social science software version 20. The study revealed that; there was significant positive effect of liquidity risk, credit risk, interest risk and inflation risk on return on assets of Access Bank Nigeria Plc. Based on our findings, it was recommended among others that banks should take decisive measures aimed at tightening the financial risks as this will have a positive effect on their profit.

Abstract<br><br><br> The microbiological hazard of anatomical (visceral) parts of smoked dried Ethmolosa fimbriata was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. The result of the microbial load of the study revealed that bacterial count ranged from 9.0 x 104cfu/g to 1.21 x 105cfu/g), while fungal count ranged from (0.7 x 103cfu/g to 3.8 x 104cfu/g). The study revealed the presence of six (6) bacterial and three fungal isolates with frequency and percentage of occurrence in a descending order to include Micrococcus sp 14(24.0%), Staphylococcus sp 10(20.0%), Streptococcus sp 8(16.0%), Bacillus sp 7(14.0%), Listeria sp 6(12.0%) and Klebsiella sp 5(10.0%) for bacteria, while fungal had Penicillium sp 8(47.1%), Aspergillus sp 6(35.3%), and Fusarium sp 3(17.6%). The result of susceptibility pattern of Gram positive test against tested isolates in a descending order indicated that Staphylococcus sp was susceptible to Ciprofloxacin with zone of inhibition of (24.5mm), Levofloxacin (18.5mm). Micrococcus sp was susceptible to Levofloxacin with zone of inhibition (27.5mm), Erythromycin (24.5mm), Rifampicin (18mm). Bacillus sp was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (26mm), Rifampicin (24.5mm) and Levofloxacin (20.5mm), Listeria sp was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin with zone of inhibition of (23.5mm), Refampicin (23.5mm), and Levofloxacin (18.5mm). All tested isolates were resistance to all other tested antibiotics. The result of susceptibility pattern of Gram negative test against tested isolates in a descending order, with Streptococcus sp sensitive to Ciprofloxacin with zone of inhibition (28.5mm), Gentamycin (26mm) and Perfloxacin (19.5mm) and Klebsiella sp was sensitive to Perfloxacin (25.5mm), Ciprofloxacin (20mm) and Ceprox (19mm), while both tested bacterial were resistance to all other tested antibiotics. Anatomical (visceral) parts of smoked dried Ethmolosa fimbriata could be detrimental to human health.

this study investigates the phytochemica composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus <br> (lemon grass) extract to evaluate its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. The phytochemical screening <br> revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, and other bioactive <br> compounds, with tannins (+++), flavonoids (+++), and saponin glycosides (+++) being particularly abundant. <br> Quantitative analysis showed high concentrations of tannins (450.0 mg/g) and flavonoids (300.0 mg/g), while <br> alkaloids were present at 13.1 mg/g- The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, <br> Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger using the agar well diffusion method. The extract exhibited <br> significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus (26.0 ± 0.94 mm zone of inhibition at 90 mg/ml) and <br> moderate activity against E. coli, while no activity was observed against Aspergillus niger. These findings <br> confirm the antibacterial potential of Cymbopogon citratus, particularly against Gram- positive bacteria, <br> supporting its traditional use in treating microbial infections. The study concludes that Cymbopogon citratus <br> is a promising source of bioactive compounds with significant antibacterial properties. Further research is <br> recommended to explore its full antimicrobial

Ulcerative colitis is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation of the colon,often leading to symptoms such as pain,diarrhea and rectal bleeding.<br><br> Shea butter,derived from the nuts of the Shea tree (vitellaria paradoxa) is renowened for its anti oxidants and anti inflammatory properties.Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the effects of shea butter on oxidative stress markers and total proteins level in acetic acid induced colitis of male wistar rats.<br><br> Forty eight(48) male wistar rats weighing between 180g-250g were used in this study.The rats were grouped into six groups.Group 1 was the control group,group 2 was the Shea butter group, group 3 was the colitis group, group 4 was the Colitis and treated with Shea butter one hour post colitis induction, group 5 was the colitis and treated treated 24hours post colitis induction and group 6 was the colitis and treated with Shea butter 48hours post colitis induction.The rats were induced with the dose of 1ml/100g of 6% acetic acid and treatment followed with the administration of 400g/1000.The Shea butter was administered intrarectally.Colitis given to the animals were assessed using body weight measurements and stool scoring.The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the 6th day then the colon was removed for biochemical analysis.The levels of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase,superoxide dismutase(SOD),Glutathionine(GSH) and total levels protein were examined.Data were expressed as Mean + Standard error mean and the comparison were made using t-Test, values of P < 0.05 were consider statistically significant.Graph pad 9 were used for data analysis.<br><br> The result of this study shows no significant differences in the SOD(superoxide dismutase),GSH(Glutathionine),MDA(Malondialdehyde),CAT( Catalase)and total protein levels across all groups.<br><br> The result from this project revealed the effects of Shea butter exerted colitis healing. Although,while shea butter may have some anti oxidants properties,it did not effectively alter oxidative stress markers or overall protein.

This study employed the Mellin transform to interpret magnetic anomaly data over a phosphate deposit area in oja odan,ohun state<br><br> The aim was to enhance the understanding of subsurface geological structures and identify potential phosphate<br><br> bearing formations . Magnetic survey data were acquired and processed using the Mellin transform to separate anomaly patterns into odd and even components. The results revealed distinct anomaly pattens, indicating subsurface geological features such as faults,fractures and layered structures. The odd Mellin transform highlighted areas of high magnetic susceptibility. The depth obtained for h and H at polarization angle of 5,20,45,70.

This study examines the impact of government capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria, with a comparative analysis of expenditures on economic services and administrative services over the period 1990-2022. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, and the methodology employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for both long-run and short-run estimations. The analysis reveals a significant relationship between government capital expenditure and economic growth, with distinct effects based on the type of service funded. In the long run, the results show a positive and statistically significant impact of both economic and administrative services expenditures on real GDP. Administrative services demonstrate a particularly strong influence, highlighting their critical role in promoting economic stability. However, government capital expenditure itself shows a negative relationship with economic growth, suggesting inefficiencies or misallocations in public investment. This indicates that while administrative and economic services drive growth, broader capital expenditure may need improved targeting. The short-run results further suggest that changes in government capital expenditure negatively affect economic growth in the short term. However, expenditures on economic services and administrative services display positive effects, with administrative services having a particularly strong influence in promoting growth. These findings suggest that capital expenditure's effectiveness depends on its allocation, with targeted investments in economic and administrative services proving more beneficial for sustainable growth. The study recommends the Nigerian government implement rigorous evaluations of capital expenditure, particularly in sectors with high growth potential, alongside improving accountability in public resource management to optimize economic outcomes.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br> The study examined effect of audio visual aids on teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in senior secondary schools in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State'" The study determined the availability of qualified teachers teaching agricultural science, availability of audio visual aids in teaching Agricultural science in senior secondary school, effectiveness of audio visual aids in teaching Agricultural science in senior secondary school in Maiduguri metropolis, Borno State. The study seek to answer the following questions, Are there available teachers teaching Agricultural science in senior secondary schools?, Are their available audio visual aids used in teaching agricultural science in senior secondary school?, What are the effectiveness of audio visual aid in teaching Agricultural science? The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The study used a total number of one hundred and fifty students (150) from five (5) selected public senior secondary schools in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State. And the research instrument used was questionnaire, the data collected was analyzed using simple frequency count and percentage. The study found that there are no sufficient numbers of qualified teachers teaching agricultural science subject, no adequate aids for Teaching Agricultural Science Subject. In review of the findings of the study the researcher makes the following recommendations: The recruitment of qualified teachers to handle audio-visual aids as well as training and retraining of teachers to facilitate better approach and technique of teaching the subject. Teachers should update their knowledge on any new innovation regarding audio-visuals used as instructional aid and should make it a point of duty to improvised especially the visual aids like pictures, diagrams, models etc. within the limit of their resources to help student improved academically. The government, non-governmental organization, Parent Teachers Association (P.T.A) as well as communities where the schools are located should contribute towards the provision of audio-visual aids to enhance the teaching and learning of the subject.