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ABSTRACT<br> The research is geared toward the effects of human relation in an organization as a profession, whether human relation is in-born or something that can be acquired and perfected through education. Three research questions was formulated in order to have an established framework for this piece of study. The findings reveal that secretaries cannot performs their duties effectively and satisfactorily without human relations attributes, human relation helps secretaries to get along with people at work, it enable her/him to be punctual, the findings reveals that human relations is an essential tools for the effective, efficiency and prosperity of a organization in any organization. The researcher finally gave some recommendations that would immense significance if properly implemented.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important leguminous crop valued for its high-quality protein and oil content, playing a significant role in improving food security and agricultural sustainability in Nigeria. This study investigated the effects of variety and location on soybean yield performance using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experiment involved three soybean varieties (TGx-1448-2E, TGx-1904-6F, and TGx-1951-3F) evaluated across four locations (Badeggi, Ibadan, Mokwa, and Yandev) with three replications per treatment. Data collected on grain yield were analyzed using one-way and two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the significance of main and interaction effects at a 5% probability level. The results revealed that variety had a statistically significant effect on yield (F = 6.51, p = 0.004), while location (F = 0.47, p = 0.702) and replication (F = 1.44, p = 0.252) effects were not significant. Similarly, the interaction between variety and location was not significant (F = 0.45, p = 0.839), indicating stable varietal performance across environments. Among the tested genotypes, TGx-1951-3F recorded the highest mean yield (1759.9 kg/ha), followed by TGx-1904-6F (1665.6 kg/ha) and TGx-1448-2E (1571.0 kg/ha). The study concludes that genetic variation among soybean varieties is the major determinant of yield performance, while environmental differences across locations had minimal influence. It is therefore recommended that farmers adopt the high-yielding and stable variety TGx-1951-3F for improved productivity across different Nigerian agro-ecological zones. The findings provide valuable insights for soybean breeding programs and agricultural policy aimed at enhancing food production and sustainability in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT<br> This research work was carried out to investigate the effect(s) of western education on the reduction of voters’ apathy among women in Atiba Local Government Area of Oyo State. Four (4) research questions guided the study were formulated for the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised one hundred and twenty (120) respondents in four (4) political parties in Oyo township. Structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and containing twenty (20) items was used to collect data. The questionnaire was validated by two (2) experts. Frequency table were used to analyze respondents bio-data while mean and standard deviation was used as statistic tools for data analysis. However, the result of finding revealed that inadequate security measures for lives and properties during elections constitute another observable reason for apathy within the Nigerian context. Due to the outcome of the findings, following recommendations were made that society, voters, NGOs and CSOs to conduct a conscious enlightenment exercise geared towards voters been get elected and other people involved in shaping the future of voters leaders. <br> <br>  

This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of aqueous twig extract of Rosmarinus officinalis against selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Food-borne diseases remain a major public health challenge globally due to contamination of food by harmful microorganisms. The increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics has stimulated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants. Rosemary is a medicinal herb known for its therapeutic and antimicrobial properties.<br> <br> Fresh twigs of Rosmarinus officinalis were collected, washed, dried, and processed into aqueous extracts using standard laboratory procedures. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested against selected food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis using the agar well diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were measured and compared with standard antibiotics.<br> <br> The results revealed that the aqueous twig extract exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity against the tested organisms. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest susceptibility, while Escherichia coli demonstrated moderate resistance. The antibacterial effect increased with extract concentration.<br> <br> The study concluded that aqueous twig extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis possess significant antibacterial properties and may serve as a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents for controlling food-borne pathogens.

This project investigated the socio cultural analysis of Yoruba hairstyles. The objectives of the study explore the traditional hairstyles of the Yoruba people and their cultural and social significance and analyze the influence of modernization and globalization on Yoruba hairstyles trends. The study further highlights the impact of modernization, colonization, and globalization on traditional Yoruba hair practices. Western influence, particularly through education, religion, and beauty standards, led to a decline in indigenous hairstyling traditions. Based on the findings, it was recommended the Nigerian fashion and entertainment industries should integrate traditional Yoruba hairstyles into their productions. Designers, filmmakers, and media practitioners can promote Yoruba hair art as a form of creative expression that represents Nigerian identity globally. Training and funding opportunities should be provided for local hairstylists and entrepreneurs who specialize in traditional hair designs. Schools and cultural institutions should incorporate Yoruba hairstyling traditions into art, history, and cultural studies curricula. Government agencies should work together to document various Yoruba hairstyles through books, digital archives, and visual media. This will ensure the preservation of traditional designs, meanings, and techniques for future generations.

This study examines audience perception regarding the portrayal of women in beer advertisements<br> within Maraba Rido, Kaduna State. Advertising is a powerful cultural and persuasive tool that<br> shapes societal norms, gender roles, and self-perception. Specifically, beer advertising has been<br> frequently criticized for its tendency to depict women in sexualized, decorative, and subordinate<br> roles, which may reinforce harmful stereotypes and influence audience attitudes. Using a survey<br> research design, data were collected from 400 residents through a structured questionnaire.<br> Findings indicate that audiences generally perceive women in beer advertisements as attentionattracting tools, often portrayed with idealized body shapes and primarily for visual appeal.<br> However, respondents did not strongly perceive these portrayals as overtly sexualized or explicitly<br> subordinate, suggesting a nuanced, culturally moderated interpretation. The study concludes that<br> while objectification in beer advertising within the study area is subtle, it nonetheless reinforces<br> appearance-based gender norms and influences attitudes toward women. Recommendations are<br> provided for advertisers, regulatory bodies, media organizations, and educational institutions to<br> promote more responsible and inclusive gender representation in advertising.

The increased use of pesticides in agriculture, though beneficial for crop protection, has raised significant concerns about food safety, particularly regarding chemical residues in fresh produce. This study was conducted to assess the levels of pesticide residues in locally grown fruits sold in selected markets in Ilorin, Nigeria, and to evaluate their potential health implications for consumers. Fruit samples including oranges, pineapple, watermelon, and banana were collected from major markets such as Oja-Oba and Ipata. The samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect and quantify pesticide residues. The results were compared with the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Findings revealed the presence of several pesticide residues, including organochlorines and organophosphates but all were within the permissible limits, none exceeded the recommended safety thresholds. The study highlights the need for improved regulatory oversight, routine monitoring of pesticide residues in food products, and enhanced awareness among farmers and vendors regarding safe pesticide application practices. These measures are essential to safeguard public health and promote sustainable agriculture in the region.

The study investigated effect of tax planning strategies on the financial performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria with specific focus on Zenith Bank Plc. The objectives were to examine the effect of thin capitalization on the operational efficiency of Zenith Bank, assess the impact of tax incentives on operational efficiency, and evaluate the extent to which earnings management influences operational efficiency. The study was underpinned by Agency Theory, Stakeholder Theory, and Hoffman’s Tax Planning Theory. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, relying on secondary data extracted from the published financial reports of Zenith Bank covering the period 2012–2021. The data were analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression estimation, given its consistency and efficiency. The findings revealed that thin capitalization had a positive but insignificant effect on operational efficiency (β = 0.0105; p = 0.958 > 0.05), suggesting that debt financing provides certain tax advantages but does not necessarily translate into improved efficiency without strategic management. Tax incentives also had a positive but insignificant effect on operational efficiency (β = 0.3913; p = 0.241 > 0.05), indicating underutilization or bureaucratic constraints in maximizing their benefits. However, earnings management exhibited a positive and significant effect on operational efficiency (β = 1.1267; p = 0.005 < 0.05), showing that responsible earnings management practices can enhance financial performance, stabilize reporting, and boost stakeholder confidence. Based on these findings, the study concludes that while tax planning strategies generally support efficiency, only earnings management significantly influences operational outcomes.