Search NAPiD.

This project based on the design, construction and implementation of a Smart Poultry System intended to automate feeding, drinking, and security surveillance in poultry management system. The system combines Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, sensor networks, and embedded system technologies for a cost-effective, efficient and scalable solution for small and medium-scale poultry farms. The feeding subsystem uses a load cell sensor that actuates servo motor that automatically dispenses feed according to the signal received from the sensor. The automated drinking subsystem is designed to use a float switch and solenoid valve to keep a constant water level. An ESP32-CAM module is responsible for providing live video streaming and motion-based security alert. The system is operated by an ESP32 microcontroller, which processes the sensors data and actuates the associated actuators. All the subsystems were integrated and tested over a 72-hour period, proving high accuracy, stable performance and reliable automation. The automated feeding system successfully triggered refills at a 1kg threshold with 0.15 seconds actuator response time. The drinking system maintained constant water levels, showing zero lag between the float switch trigger valve actuation. Live video streaming was achieved with an average latency of 2-3 seconds under stable Wi-Fi conditions. The outcomes are that the Smart Poultry System has a substantial impact on the reduction of labour demands, resource efficiency, improving bird welfare, and security of farm operation. The project offers a sensible framework for the implementation of low-cost practical precision livestock technologies and establishes a base for further improvements such as AI-based health data monitoring, sophisticated environmental controls and renewable-powered operation.

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a small rhizomatous perennial herb of Zingiberaceae (Ginger family) originating from south eastern Asia, most probably from India. The plant produces fleshy rhizomes of bright yellow to orange color in its root system, which are the source of the commercially available spice turmeric. In the form of root powder, turmeric is used for its flavouring properties as a spice, food preservative, and food-colouring agent. Turmeric has a long history of therapeutic useThe result of the study revealed that the number of weevils which were hovering within the setup in first day started reducing after 3 days and the following observations were made:<br> i. Mortality of insects increases with the increases in Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric) concentration or dosage. As the concentrations or the dosages of Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric) increases the mortality of the insects also rises.<br> ii. The longer the length or the days the insects is/are exposed to Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric) the higher the mortality of the insects.<br> The reasons that could be adduced for the (i) and (ii) observation could be:s as it is credited with a variety of important beneficial properties such as its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and digestive properties. Moreover, main constituents of the plant are under investigation for possible benefits in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, liver disorders, and certain other diseases. However, except from its uses as a medicinal plant, the fresh juice, the aqueous extracts, and the essential oil of the plant are credited with interesting pesticidal properties against certain pests of agricultural importance as well as a noticeable repellent activity against noxious mosquito species. Research effots so far and data from the international literature have shown a satisfactory potential of turmeric as a natural pesticide for possible use in crop protection and thus a highly promising future towards this direction, that is, the possibility of effective control of certain pests of agricultural importance with the use of turmeric products as a cheap and more environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides already used for the same purpose. Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric) has pesticides property. The property in Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric) which acts as an insect repellant is tumerone, atlantone, and Curcumin. Potential hazards to consumers from contamination of food with pesticides residues is currently a major public concern. Consumers of food wish that the food they consume be safe.

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigates the challenges of spelling and phonetic inconsistencies in English among learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. As English continues to play a critical role in global communication, education, and professional advancement, its irregular orthographic and phonological systems pose significant hurdles to non-native users. The study is anchored on three objectives: to identify common inconsistencies that hinder learners, to assess the impact of these challenges on language acquisition and communication, and to explore strategies employed by learners and instructors to overcome them. A quantitative approach was adopted using a structured questionnaire administered to ESL learners. Findings revealed a strong recognition among respondents of the inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation, with a majority reporting reduced confidence, avoidance of unfamiliar words, and speaking anxiety. However, many learners actively engaged with remedial strategies such as phonetic drills, reading aloud, and utilizing digital tools. The study concludes that while English is indispensable for academic and economic progress, its internal inconsistencies create learning burdens that require deliberate pedagogical support. Recommendations include enhanced teacher training in phonics, integration of pronunciation instruction in curricula, and increased use of technological learning aids. 

Studies were conducted in the laboratory to test the insecticidal effects of powders and extracts of the leaf of Hyptis suaveolens for the management of Callosobruchus maculatus. Four levels of the powders 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g per 20g of cowpea were evaluated against C. maculatus under laboratory conditions of 25-28oC, 65-75% RH). In the same vein, the leaves of H. suaveolens were extracted in the laboratory, using different solvent (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, acetone and aqueous). Mortality of C. maculatus was assessed at 24 h interval for 96 h after treatment application of 0.5 mL/20g of the solvent and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/20g of the extracts. Oviposition and adult emergence were also evaluated using the above treatment of powders and extracts. The results from the study revealed that the percentage mortality increased significantly (0

ABSTRACT<br> This study investigates the phenomenon of absenteeism from lectures amongst undergraduate students at Niger Delta City Polytechnic Umuaka Campus, Nigeria. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. A sample of 387 undergraduate students from various academic disciplines participated in the study.<br> The research objectives were to identify prevalent patterns of lecture absenteeism, examine key contributing factors, assess the impact on academic performance, evaluate the effectiveness of existing institutional policies, and propose evidence-based strategies to improve attendance rates.<br> Key findings reveal significant variations in absenteeism rates across different academic disciplines and days of the week, with Science and Technology courses showing lower absenteeism rates compared to Arts and Humanities. Five primary factors contributing to absenteeism were identified: personal (30%), academic (25%), institutional (20%), socio-economic (15%), and technological (10%). A strong negative correlation was observed between absenteeism rates and academic performance, reinforcing the critical importance of regular attendance for academic success.<br> The study found a significant relationship between students' socio-economic background and their tendency to be absent from lectures, highlighting the impact of financial constraints on student attendance. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between perceived lecture quality and attendance frequency, emphasizing the importance of engaging teaching practices in promoting regular attendance.<br> The implementation of strict attendance policies was found to significantly reduce absenteeism rates, supporting the efficacy of institutional measures in addressing this issue. However, the study also underscores the need for a balanced approach that considers the diverse needs and circumstances of students.<br> Based on these findings, the study recommends a multifaceted approach to addressing absenteeism, including targeted financial support for disadvantaged students, enhanced teaching quality through faculty development programs, flexible attendance policies, early warning systems for at-risk students, improved infrastructure, and the integration of blended learning approaches.<br> This research contributes to the broader understanding of student engagement in Nigerian higher education and provides a foundation for developing evidence-based strategies to improve attendance rates and, ultimately, enhance the quality of education at Niger Delta City Polytechnic Umuaka Campus and similar institutions.

ABSTRACT<br> The research is titled “Assessment of social welfare scheme in enhancing community development in Jigawa State; 2019 - 2023”. Social welfare as a body of activities designed to enable individuals, families, groups and communities to cope with the social problems of changing conditions. The researcher used the instrument of questionnaire which was structured, both primary and secondary method of data collection were also adopted to elicit the desire information that helped the selected based on Random Sampling procedure and this enable numbers of the population to be fairly selected. A total of (399) questionnaire was administered for data collection. The theoretically anchored on the Humanistic Theory. The study is of great significance; the study will be of paramount importance to anyone who wishes to carryout further research on this subject. Students of public administration and local government studies will find this work very educative, stimulating and challenging in their field of study. It is a prerequisite for the award of national diploma in Public Administration from Kaduna Polytechnic.

This study examined the effects of labour turnover on organizational performance with a focus on how employee departures influence productivity, efficiency, and overall effectiveness within organizations. The study explored causes of labour turnover, its implications for organizational growth, and strategies for managing it effectively. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to employees and management in selected organizations. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that high labour turnover has a significant negative impact on organizational performance by increasing recruitment and training costs, reducing employee morale, and disrupting workflow. The study concluded that effective human resource policies, employee motivation, and job satisfaction are crucial to minimizing turnover rates. It recommended that organizations should improve working conditions, enhance employee recognition systems, and ensure competitive compensation to retain talent and sustain performance.<br> <br> Keywords: Labour turnover, organizational performance, employee retention, human resource management, productivity.

This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a natural anti-dandruff shampoo using extracts from Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) and Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf). Fresh leaves of both plants were collected, washed, air-dried, and extracted using ethanol. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, and Phlobatannin, Terpenoid, Carbohydrate, Cardiac glycoside, Steroid, Phenol, Anthraquinone ranging from 0.987-21.366 for Scent leaf and 0.694-14.649 for bay leaf known for their antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The formulated herbal shampoo was prepared by blending the extracts with suitable natural base ingredients and was evaluated for organoleptic properties, antimicrobial activity, microbial safety, and washing performance. The antimicrobial test, conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and yeast species using the agar well diffusion method, showed no visible zone of inhibition, indicating minimal inhibitory effect under the test conditions. Nevertheless, the product exhibited acceptable organoleptic qualities in color, odor, texture, and appearance, with good washing and foaming characteristics. Microbial analysis of Mean APC(CFU/g) of 2.2× 10² and mean fungal count(CFU/g) of 4.3 × 10², indicates that the formulated shampoo meets the WHO microbiological safety requirements showing microbial level within the acceptable limits and absence of harmful contaminants. Further optimization of the extract concentration and formulation process is recommended to improve its antimicrobial efficiency.