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Excessive alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver and kidney injury through oxidative stress, lipid perioxidation and disruption of metabolic function. Monodora tenuifolia is a medicinal plant which contains phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins etc. it is known to have antioxidant and inf lammatory properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of high-dose Monodora tenuifolia seed extract in alcohol-induced liver and kidney damage in male wistar rats. Fifteen rats were divided into three groups which are the control, alcohol group, alcohol + high-dose MTSE. The animals were administered with 43% alcohol for five days and given treatment immediately for fourteen days. Also the blood were collected through cardiac puncture and centrifuged to be converted to serum. It was observed that high-dose Monodora tenuifolia seed extract causes a reduction in serum creatinine and serum urea. It also leads to a reduction in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes. High-dose Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exhibit protective effects against alcohol-induced toxicity because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also helps to reduce oxidative stress which causes cellular damage.

The aim of this study is to analyze the instructional challenges and academic performance of SS2 Students in Economics in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State the effect of poor performance of students in the senior secondary schools in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State. An effort was made in finding out the cause of poor instructional materials used by the teachers in Boki Secondary schools. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn from the population of 9411. A lot of serious problems confronting Economics teachers in Secondary Schools has been identified and possible solutions has also been looked upon.Since the students are not passive receivers of knowledge but rather active in the participants in the teaching activities, it is then necessary for the teacher to teach the subject (economics) in a manner that will make it easy and well comprehensive for students as well as participate actively. A teacher is supposed to be one who helps others gain positive knowledge, competences or value. A teacher role may vary among cultures.

ABSTRACT This study assessed the effects of hormonal contraceptives on the health of women of childbearing<br> age in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State. Specifically, it sought to examine the<br> 11<br> <br> impact of hormonal contraceptives on physical health, evaluate their psychological effects, and assess reproductive health outcomes among these women. A total of 50 women were selected for the study using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected with the aid of questionnaire and interviews. Descriptive statistics (mean, percentages and Likert scale) and inferential statistic (chi-square) were used for data analysis. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 significant level. The results obtained revealed that most of the participants were married and between the ages of 26 and 30 years. Majority were secondary school graduates and full-time housewives, with knowledge of birth control pill usage. While 60% of respondents reported experiencing changes in their menstrual cycle, the study also found out that majority did not experience any increase in blood pressure, headaches/migraines, or skin conditions as a result of contraceptive use. Furthermore, most respondents believed that contraceptive use did not affect their sleep patterns, cognitive function, or emotional state. Additionally, Most of the respondents had never experienced unintended pregnancies, changes in fertility awareness, difficulty conceiving, menstrual pain/cramping, vaginal health changes, or been diagnosed with any reproductive health concerns due to contraceptive use. The results from the hypotheses (H01, H02, H03) indicated that although contraceptives have some effects on physical health, mental and emotional well-being, and reproductive health outcomes, these effects are minor and not statistically significant.

Millet drink, a traditional beverage Cherished in many cultures for it's rich nutritional profile and probiotic properties, is often prepared through spontaneous fermentation. This uncontrolled fermentation process can lead to contamination by various microorganisms, in clouding fungi.

The assessment of the microbiological status of samples of yogurt sold in Udua Nka Eket, Nigeria was carried out to ascertain the microbiological fitness of the yogurt samples for consumption. The yogurt samples we collected from two different vendors. Two sample of each was collected and analyzed bacteriologically by pour plate method using nutrient agar for heterotrophic bacteria and MacConkey agar for total coliform by most probable number (MPN). Data from analysis with analyze using ANOVA.<br><br> Determination of pH of the yogurt samples was done and the results showed that the pH ranged from 4.05 to 5.50. The result of the total bacterial count to a from 3.0 to 8.0 * 10 ^ -2 cfu/ml while the total qualiform count ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 * 10 ^ - 1 cfu/ml. The pH determination revealed that the isolate are acidophile because the pH of the yogurt samples were in acidic range. Three isolates were identified included Escherichia coli, Streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus. The result of this study therefore indicated poor microbiological qualities of commercial yogurts sold in Udua Nka Eket at the time of this research. Therefore, attention of the appropriate government agencies is needed to ensure that adequate hygiene is maintained during preparation, processing, storage and distribution of high quality yogurt products to avert public health challenges.

‎ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ‎Malaria has been a significant health problem with high global burden especially among pregnant women. Plasmodium falciparum infestation causes most of malaria infections resulting into severe morbidity and mortality. Bed net treated with pyrethroid have been established as a means of prevention against malaria for personal protection in public health. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of long lasting insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Maiduguri metropolitan area and Jere communities of Borno state.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ‎The study design is a cross sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude and practice towards long lasting insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Maiduguri metropolitan area and Jere communities of Borno state. The method of sampling used was multi-stage sampling technique. The data was collected primarily through interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20, 2014 edition. The information obtained was presented in tables.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ‎Out of four hundred and twenty-three (423) pregnant women who participated in this study, 414 (97.9%) are aware of LLITNs and 405 (95%) know that it can be used to prevent malaria. The overall attitude of the respondents towards LLITNs was good (61%). Majority of the women have good practice regarding LLITNs as 65 per cent said nothing discourage them from using it.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ‎In conclusion, the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women towards LLITNs can be improved through monitoring of health talk or service protocol, creation of awareness through health education within communities and instituting a follow-up and feedback system to ensure compliance to this practice.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ‎

ABSTRACT<br> Since 2019 COVID pandemic has influenced human life in various sectors. Various attempts were made to reduce the virus transferring, through working from home, social distancing, and also including hand hygiene. AsCOVID-19 are transferrable through touch and contact, there are WHO guidelines to clean or sanitize hands regularly to reduce the risk of infection. Dispensing of sanitizer from bottle and storage would require manual intervention. And so far, most of the available hand sanitizers do not operate automatically. This article aims to make an automatic hand sanitizer which finds it's use in hospitals, workplaces, offices, school sand much more to reduce the risk due to contact. Here, the system can sense the proximity with the help of ultrasonic sensor and sends signal to microcontroller (Arduino Nano).The controller processes the sensor data & actuates the pump and sole noid valve. And the result is the sanitizer liquid dispenses through mist nozzle.

ABSTRACT<br><br><br><br> Background: The spread of HIV/AIDS is a major concern globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the efforts made to reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, the country still has a high burden of the virus, with an estimated 38,000 new infections in 2020 alone (UNAIDS, 2021). Therefore, the justification for this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS awareness programs in reducing risky sexual behavior among undergraduates of selected universities in Osun State. <br><br><br><br> Aim: To Assess HIV/AIDS awareness programmes and determine the factors influencing sexual risk behavior among undergraduate of Osun state university. <br><br><br><br> Material and methods: The research is conducted at Osun State University, involving a diverse sample of undergraduate students from various disciplines and backgrounds. The sample size is determined through a power analysis to ensure statistical significance. A cross-sectional descriptive study, A structured questionnaire was designed to assess the level of HIV/AIDS awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behaviors among the participants. The questionnaire includes both closed-ended questions with response options and Likert-scale items. The data collected from the research was processed (cleaned and entered into the computer) and analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (IBM SPSS) Version 25.0.<br><br><br><br> Results: The majority identify as Christian (288 respondents, 68.5%), followed by Islam (31.0%). Yoruba is the largest ethnic group, followed by Igbo, Hausa, and others. The majority are single, married, or separated. Marital status is indicated by single, married, or separated respondents. Unprotected sexual intercourse is the most common mode of transmission, with 66.7% of respondents agreeing. Sharing sharp objects, kissing, and unscreened blood are the least agreeable modes. Unprotected sexual intercourse has a 1 in 2,000 risk. Table 6 shows a significant association between awareness of sexual intercourse and risky behavior, with 134 respondents (31.9%) having experienced it. <br><br><br><br> Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding the interplay between awareness of sexual intercourse, risky sexual behavior, and associated factors.<br><br><br><br> Keywords: HIV transmission, HIV/AIDS awareness programs,Attendance rates, Impact of programs, Potential consequences of unprotected sex,Access to contraceptives ,Sex education<br><br><br><br> Awareness on HIV/AIDS