Search NAPiD.

ABSTRACT<br> <br> The study examined the impact of sustainability reporting on the financial performance of selected quoted firms in Nigeria between 2012 and 2016. DData for the study was generated from the financial reports of selected firms and was analyzed with the use of panel least square technique. The findings of the study showed that: Expenditure on economic activities, which represents the costs incurred on production, distribution, exchange, consumption and trade of goods and services, positively and significantly impacted on financial performance (measured by price-earnings ratio) of selected firms in Nigeria; Expenditure on social activities, which represents the costs incurred on social development of host communities of selected firms, positively but weakly impacted on financial performance (measured by price-earnings ratio) ofselected firms in Nigeria; Expenditure on environmental activities, which represents the cost incurred on environmental protection of host communities of selected firms, positively and significantly impacted on financial performance (measured by price-earnings ratio) ofselected firms in Nigeria Data were sourced from the financial statements of three sampled firms. Data were analysed using the ordinary linear regression. The study reveals that sustainability reporting has positive and significant effect on financial performance of firms studied. Following the findings, the study recommends that firmns in Nigeria should invest reasonable amount of their earnings on sustainability activities while specific accounting templates be articulated by professional accounting regulating bodies to guide firms'reportage on sustainability activities

Fibre reinforced concrete is a recent innovation in the concrete industry. The aim of this research was to investigate the use of PPF in enhancing the strength performance of concrete. <br><br> This study examined the effect of polypropylene fiber on concrete workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and transport quality by water absorption testing. A total of 72 cubes (54 for compressive strength and 18 for water absorption tests) and 18 beams were cast with varying volume fraction amounts of PPF at 0%, 0.5%, and 1.5%. <br><br> Each specimen underwent testing after curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. <br><br> The findings of the numerous tests conducted suggested that the control concrete exhibited better workability compared to the PPF concrete. The workability test indicated that M30 and M20 concrete exhibited slumps of 80mm and 75mm for the control samples, and 0.5% and 1.5% for PPFC. M20 exhibited slumps of 20mm and 25mm, whereas M30 <br><br> demonstrated slumps of 20mm and 21mm. The water absorption test indicated that at the PPF percentages utilized in the study, the polypropylene fiber exhibited hydrophobic properties and absorbed more water than the fibreless concrete. Likewise, the compressive strength exhibited an increase at 0.5% PPF for M30. The two mixes had low flexural strengths while the control had a higher flexural. The water absorption test indicated that <br><br> 0.5% PPFC decreased by 28.67%, whereas 1.5% PPFC resulted in a reduction of 70.97%. At 0.5% PPF, M20 concrete saw a water absorption reduction of 7.89%, whereas at 1.5%, the reduction was 26.70%. Conclusively, the above findings highlight the potential benefits of PPF in enhancing specific concrete properties; however, its influence on flexural strength and workability should be thoroughly assessed when optimizing mix designs for construction applications.

Career choice is one of the most pivotal decisions in a person's life, particularly for undergraduate students who must navigate their academic journey while contemplating future professional paths. However, external pressures, such as social norms and family expectations can sometimes conflict with personal aspirations, leading to career indecision and anxiety. In view of the problems highlighted above, the study "factors motivating career choice among undergraduate students of university of Ilorin". The research employed a descriptive research design of the survey type using the quantitative approach. Five research questions were raised to guide the study. The population of the study was based on the undergraduate students across different faculties as respondent. The sample size for this study were 50 students from each department selected. Simple random sampling techniques was used to select 250 undergraduate students from the target population.<br> Frequency counts and percentage, means and standard deviation were used for the demographic data and to answer the research questions raised. The findings revealed that the undergraduate students at the university of Ilorin place a premium on personal interest, hobbies, talents and intrinsic motivations when making career decisions. Also, the findings revealed that family factors play a pivotal role in shaping students career choices, as evidenced by several recent studies. The study recommended that career counselling services should be strengthened to help students make informed decisions that align with both their interests and market demands and parents should be encouraged to support their children's career choices without imposing cultural or financial pressures. Also, Society should work towards breaking gender stereotypes to allow equal access to all career fields regardless of gender.

The United Nations (UN) has played a crucial role in peacekeeping and conflict resolution across Africa, with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) being one of its most significant engagements. However, despite its continued effort in peacekeeping missions, the role of the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has not been well documented. As a result, this study seeks to critically examine the relationship between the United Nations and peace keeping missions in Africa. Also, to examine the role of the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In addition, this study investigates the causes of civil altercation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study sampled several available theories by different authors including the Conflict Resolution Theory by John Burton in the late 1960s and early 1970s, his Conflict Resolution Theory is a relevant tool for the analysis of inter-state regional phenomenon. As well as the Liberalism Institutionalism Theory by Keohane and Nye, (1977), which focuses on the role of international organizations like the United Nations in promoting cooperation and dealing with collective problems among states. In summary, it was stated that, despite numerous peace agreements and the presence of the UN's largest peacekeeping mission, MONUSCO, sustainable peace remains elusive. Cycles of demobilization and reintegration frequently fail as former combatants face limited economic opportunities and political grievances remain unaddressed. Findings also indicate that, while the mission has contributed to reducing large-scale violence, persistent challenges hinder sustainable peace. This study concludes that, it is essential to strengthen collaboration between UN peacekeeping forces and local security institutions to ensure a more sustainable approach to security sector reform. Additionally, the UN should prioritize community engagement initiatives that empower local populations and foster trust between peacekeepers and civilians, thereby reducing incidents of sexual abuse and increasing accountability. This study also recommends that, the mission should encourage more French speaking countries to take part in peacekeeping operations in eastern Congo, and that the government should develop a sound disarmament strategy that includes job training and capacity building for former combatants, as well as making sure that the people must always inform the UN mission on rebel movements in their respective areas..

Housing is one of the basic necessities of man that is ranked second after food. Its availability and ownership are becoming a universal problem; this situation is more pronounced in developing nations like Nigeria. In the last five decades, Nigeria has been experiencing very rapid urbanization. This growth has not been matched with simultaneous provision of adequate services/infrastructure and resource development. The study pursued the following objectives, which are to; examine the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the residents in the Oshogbo, Osun State, analyze the physical characteristics of housing units and neighborhood environment in Oshogbo, Osun State, evaluate residents‟ perception of the quality of housing in Oshogbo, Osun State and examine the affordability and other determinants of housing condition in study area. The roles of housing in the context of urban development are crucial, as it helps to provide accommodation and protection for both human and material resources. The study evaluates the problems confronting low-income residential housing delivery in Osogbo metropolis, Osun, Nigeria. Findings from the study disagreed with what was found in most literatures as the study revealed that despite the absence of industries and other big public sector establishments that serves as magnet that attracts people to cities, available housing in the study area command high rentals, most of the available housing units are inadequate in terms of quality and quantity, stiff bureaucratic bottle-neck in accessing land for housing development and high building material cost. The study concluded That current housing and socio-economic realities in Osun state demand far more vigorous government involvement in housing development, working together with a more committed private sector and energized civil societies in order to tackle the housing problems in the area. The local government must show deeper commitment to move beyond political rhetoric and pursue practical policy reforms and implementation strategies with a political will that matches the immense housing challenge Osun State urban area faces. This research recommend that the State and Local governments must explore new ways to develop and implement site and services schemes (total funding), urban renewal programmes and capital grant allowance schemes packages and make them more attractive and efficient, in order to mitigate the existing housing expenditure burden of homeowners and in making home ownership more accessible and affordable. In such favourable conditions, households will spend less on housing expenditure.

ABSTRACT<br><br> Healthcare spending refers to the total amount of money spent on healthcare services which includes medical treatment, Hospitalization, Prescription, Medical Device and Equipment, Preventive care and screening, Administrative and overhead cost. Despite lots of research on healthcare spending they are limitations in the use of robust statistical model. Therefore, this study investigates healthcare spending trends in Nigeria from 1960 to 2024 using historical data sourced from Ministry of Health and Macro trends. The ARIMA (1,1,1) model was employed to analyze patterns and forecast future trends. The result shows per capita healthcare spending fluctuated significantly, ranging from $8.30 to $110.00, with an average of $51.79. A sharp increase occurred between 2020 and 2023, driven by COVID-19-related reforms. However, projections for 2025 to 2030 indicate a troubling decline, with spending expected to decrease from $100.89 to $82.86. This research addresses a key gap in the literature by focusing on long-term trend analysis and forecasting of Nigeria's healthcare expenditure, which has received limited attention despite its critical role in shaping public health outcomes., While previous studies have examined short-term spending dynamics, this study offers a robust methodology for predicting future trends using the ARIMA model, validated through diagnostic tests that confirm its reliability. The findings highlight the urgent need for sustained investments in healthcare to prevent potential setbacks in health outcomes.Policymakers should prioritize long-term planning, innovative financing mechanisms, and targeted interventions to ensure that Nigeria's healthcare system remains resilient and capable of addressing future challenges.

ABSTRACT<br><br> <br><br> Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the 21st century is taking over virtually every aspect of human endeavor, with the broadcast media being no exception as automation is now the order of the day. Based on the foregoing, this study deemed it necessary to investigate how far the broadcast media in Enugu state have gone in this all important digital switch over. Therefore, the study set out to; know the extent to which Broadcast Media stations in Enugu are aware of Artificial Intelligence, ascertain the level of knowledge Broadcast Media stations in Enugu have of Artificial Intelligence, know the perception of Broadcast Media stations in Enugu on Artificial Intelligence and to ascertain the extent to which Broadcast Media stations in Enugu make use of Artificial Intelligence. In order to achieve the above objectives, the study adopted a survey research method using the 24 broadcast stations in Enugu as the population of study, census was conducted due to the small nature of the population. The study was anchored on three theories, Technology Determinism theory, Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Digital Metamorphosis theory. The study was able to find out that media stations in Enugu are to a large extent aware of Artificial Intelligence and its trends with over 90% level of awareness. The study also found that there is a high level of knowledge of Artificial Intelligence among broadcast stations in Enugu with over 90% of them knowing what and how Artificial Intelligence can be used for in news production and dissemination. Again, findings show that over 90% of broadcast stations in Enugu perceive Artificial Intelligence as a welcomed development in the field of broadcasting and as a tool that can help enhance the productivity of broadcast media if holistically adopted. Lastly, findings show that the level of usage of Artificial Intelligence tools in news gathering and dissemination among broadcast stations in Enugu is as low as 29%. Therefore, one of the recommendations said that both governmental and non-governmental organizations should start investing and funding AI programs because without adequate funding, integration of Artificial Intelligence in broadcasting will be very difficult.

ABSTRACT<br><br> This project aims to elucidate the subsurface conditions contributing to road failures in the study area. Utilising advanced geophysical techniques, particularly 2D electrical resistivity imaging, the investigation identifies and maps subsurface anomalies and weak zones that jeopardise the structural integrity of the road. Three traverses were established, and the data was processed using Dipro software to ensure accurate and detailed analysis. The resistivity surveys reveal significant low resistivity zones, indicative of water-saturated or clayey materials, between positions 1 to 6 and 12 to 19, highlighting areas susceptible to instability. The variation in resistivity values along the profiles indicates a heterogeneous subsurface composition, with alternating layers of weak and competent materials affecting the road's load-bearing capacity and stability. Detailed 2D resistivity structures provide insight into the vertical extent of weak zones, extending up to 15 meters in some locations, which is essential for designing effective mitigation strategies. The geotechnical implications of these findings underscore the need for subgrade and base layer assessments, drainage improvements, and reinforcement strategies to enhance road stability. This comprehensive investigation provides critical data to inform targeted geotechnical interventions, aiming to prevent future road failures and ensure the longevity of transportation infrastructure in Ijero, Ekiti.