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This study examined the influence of foreign market entry strategies on marketing performance in the Nigerian beverage industry, with a particular focus on understanding how exporting, franchising, joint ventures, and strategic alliances contribute to firms’ marketing success. The research was motivated by the growing need for Nigerian beverage firms to expand their international presence and strengthen competitiveness in an increasingly globalized marketplace. The study adopted a mixed-methods and cross-sectional survey design, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from interviews and secondary materials. The population comprised management and senior employees of selected beverage firms located in Lagos and Ogun States, while a total of 260 respondents were sampled using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The findings revealed that all four market entry strategies—exporting, franchising, joint ventures, and strategic alliances—exerted a positive and statistically significant effect on the marketing performance of beverage firms in Nigeria. Among these, joint ventures and strategic alliances were found to have the most substantial influence, enhancing firms’ market reach, resource utilization, and brand competitiveness. The combined model showed that the selected strategies explained approximately 71% of the variation in marketing performance across the sampled firms. The study concludes that the effective adoption and integration of foreign market entry strategies play a pivotal role in improving brand visibility, customer satisfaction, and sales growth within the Nigerian beverage sector. It recommends that firms adopt a hybrid approach to internationalization, aligning entry modes with firm resources, risk tolerance, and market conditions. Furthermore, policymakers should create an enabling environment that supports cross-border trade, partnership development, and export facilitation for sustained growth of the beverage industry.

ABSTRACT <br> This study employs an ex-post-facto research design to examine the Influence of Family Background on mathematics achievement of SS 2 students in Bekwarra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two variables were identified for the study namely family background and mathematics achievement. Three research questions were raised to guide the study and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The sample comprises three hundred and ten (310) SS 2 Students drawn from fifteen (15) secondary schools randomly selected, consisting of one hundred and seventy male students (170) and one hundred and forty (140) female students, which were determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) sample size determination table, from the population of 1,570 SS 2 Students. A review of theories and concepts as well as empirical studies related to this study was done. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis on research question one reveals an inferential results of a moderate positive correlation between parents’ level of income and students’ academic achievement which was statistically significant (rs = .490; p=0.000

ABSTRACT<br> This research work is designed to inestigate the effect of motivation on personnel productivity with<br> special reference to Nigerian Bottling Company, lbadan, Oyo State. The objectives of this stucy is to<br> develop a theoretical framework ocusing on how effective motivation of staff is been adopted by the<br> organization. The primary and secondary sources of data were utilized in the study. The primary data<br> were collected through questionnaire and open-ended question administered to one hundred statof the<br> organization by random sampling, secondary data were collected from relevant textbooks, project<br> work conpany magazine and online. The research adopted redemptive methods for data presentation<br> and analyzed using linear regression method. The finding shows that staffing motivation has significani<br> tect on personnel productivity in Nigerian Botling Company. However, motivation influence th<br> erformance of staff and it promotes the performance of staff in all organization.

Music has gradually shifted from conventional settings such as music halls, schools, and churches to local marketplaces incorporating into daily life. Music was firmly embedded in cultural, religious, and educational contexts, functioning as a form of spiritual expression and collective experience while becoming more interwoven into daily activities rather than being saved for special occasions (elite’s) (Hudson, 1995). Making music work? This move mirrors a wider trend of prioritizing experiences over formal activities. This shift reflects broader cultural and social changes in how music is consumed and experienced in local market squares. Music's entry into the modern marketplace reflects a return to patterns of public consumption and communal experience reminiscent of early human societies, when music was a deeply social and shared activity in local community spaces. Turino (2008) states that “music as social life: the politics of participation” Market spaces encourage active participation, spontaneous, and emphasized accessibility and collective enjoyment over individual consumption, people can dance, sing along, or engage in conversations while enjoying their staying in the markets, creating a more dynamic atmosphere (Caves, 2003). "Creative Industries" discusses economic ideas of cultural production, which provide light on how music became linked to market logic

Many communities lack access to reliable and affordable electricity. This leads to socio-economic <br> limitations. The dependency on generators increases operational costs and environmental <br> pollution. While solar and wind energy are viable alternatives, they often suffer from intermittency <br> issues. Hydropower offers a steady and reliable energy source, but large-scale hydropower plants <br> have significant environmental and financial constraints. On the other hand, mini hydro-electric <br> power plants can be implemented in smaller rivers and streams with lower costs and fewer <br> environmental concerns. Without an efficient control strategy, mini hydroelectric power plants <br> often suffer from system instability due to fluctuations in water flow. This project aims to model <br> and simulate of a mini-hydroelectric power plant using MATLAB/Simulink, with River Oshin in <br> Kwara State, Nigeria, as the case study. The system comprises isothermal, mechanical, and <br> electrical subsystems, integrated with a PID controller to regulate the turbine gate and maintain <br> constant generator speed. The key parameters obtained from the site conditions at River Oshin, <br> was a net head of 8 m, flow rate of 4.63 m3<br> /s, and a generator speed of 1500 rpm, targeting an <br> output of approximately 363 kW. Simulation results demonstrated stable operation under varying <br> load conditions with the PID controller effectively minimizing speed fluctuations and ensuring <br> consistent power output. The findings indicate that a mini hydropower system on River Oshin can <br> significantly supply local electricity supply, reduce dependence on the national grid, and promote <br> renewable energy adoption in rural communities of Kwara State.

The study examined the impact of CBN supervision and regulation on the development of the banking sector in Nigeria (2000-2018). The study was aimed at determining the relationship between capitalization requirements and the ratio of private credit to GDP; evaluating the nature of relationship between monetary policy rate and the ratio of private credit to GDP; ascertaining the extent of relationship between liquidity ratio and the ratio of private credit to GDP; and determining the relationship between maximum lending ratio and the ratio of private credit to GDP. The study was anchored on the regulatory dialectic theory. The development of the banking sector was measured using ratio of private credit to GDP. Secondary data were sourced and the ordinary least square regression analysis was used for the empirical analysis. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between capitalization requirement and liquidity ratio on the ratio of private credit to GDP. The study also concluded that there is no significant relationship between monetary policy rate and maximum lending ratio on the ratio of private credit to GDP. It is recommended that government should employ other measures to support the monetary policy to improve credit creation. Also, government should adopt policies that help bank to improve on their development.

In this experiment, sisal fiber is used as a reinforcement in a coconut shell aggregate concrete.<br><br> This is one of the experiments to check if coconut shell as an aggregate is suitable for a<br><br> lightweight concrete. The sisal fiber was applied in the ratio of 0, 0.15, 0.3 & 0.5% to improve<br><br> the mechanical and physical properties like the compressive strength, flexural strength, split<br><br> tensile strength and its structural integrity. The construction industry views coconut shell<br><br> concrete containing sisal fiber as an appropriate and environmentally beneficial substitute for<br><br> conventional building materials. According to the test results, Coconut shell aggregate concrete<br><br> durability qualities are on par with those of other traditional lightweight concretes, and<br><br> convenient curing is required for Coconut shell aggregate concrete to reach higher durability.<br><br> Additionally, it shows that coconut shell can be utilised to make lightweight concrete for non-<br><br> structural elements, strip footings, and non-load bearing buildings. By using these leftover<br><br> coconut shell components, sustainable and effective procedures can also reduce environmental<br><br> problems. The features of fiber-reinforced coconut shell aggregate concrete (FRCSC) with<br><br> different fibre contents (0.15%, 0.3%, and 0.5% by volume) are examined in this study. The<br><br> effects of fibre composition on durability, tensile strength, and compressive strength are<br><br> investigated. When compared to the control mix, the results demonstrate that FRCSC with a<br><br> 0.3% fibre content has the best mechanical qualities, with notable gains in compressive and<br><br> tensile strength. According to the results, 0.3% fiber-reinforced cement (FRCSC) is a potential<br><br> material for environmentally friendly building that offers improved performance. Compressive<br><br> strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength are tested experimentally at 3, 7, 21, and<br><br> 28 days of cure. According to the findings, adding sisal fibre improves the concrete's tensile and<br><br> flexural qualities; the best results are obtained when the fibre level is 0.3%. Sisal fibre has the<br><br> potential to improve structural performance in lightweight concrete, as evidenced by its better<br><br> post-cracking behaviour and energy absorption capacity, even if compressive strength marginally<br><br> declines as fibre concentration increases. This study promotes the use of sustainable agricultural<br><br> byproducts in building, which helps to preserve the environment and enhance the performance of Materials

This study investigates the morphological processes and internet language features employed by Nigerians on Instagram, with a focus on understanding how online communication shapes contemporary linguistic practices. Anchored in O’Grady’s (2017) word formation processes and Danet’s (2001) internet language features, the study examines 100 purposively selected comments from two major Nigerian entertainment blogs on Instagram. Instablog9ja and Mazitundeednut. Using a descriptive analytical method, the research identifies and categorises the dominant linguistic patterns that characterize digital communication among Nigerian users.<br><br><br> <br><br><br> Findings reveal that internet language on Instagram is marked by brevity, creativity, and hybridity, with users frequently employing abbreviations, eccentric spelling, emojis, rebus writing, and multiple punctuations to convey meaning and emotion. The analysis further shows that clipping, blending, compounding, affixation, and acronyms are among the most productive word formation processes used by Nigerians online. Clipping emerged as the most frequently used process, reflecting the fast-paced and informal nature of digital communication. The study also highlights the influence of Nigerian indigenous languages and Nigerian Pidgin on Instagram discourse, which contributes to the creation of localized neologisms and hybrid forms.<br><br><br> <br><br><br> The research concludes that internet language on Instagram is dynamic and evolving, serving both communicative and socio-cultural functions among Nigerian users. It suggests that understanding these morphological patterns is essential for educators, linguists, and digital communication researchers, as they offer insights into language change in the digital age. Recommendations were made for further studies to explore broader social media contexts and multilingual interactions within Nigeria’s digital space.