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ABSTRACT<br> Methane-rich biogas production from cow dung and Moringa Oleifera leaves was evaluated using anaerobic digestion in a laboratory-scale biodigester. Digestion was conducted over a 30-day hydraulic retention period, with biogas yield measured at three-day intervals. Three substrate ratios were investigated: cow dung only (100:0), cow dung–moringa leaves (70:30), and cow dung–moringa leaves (30:70), to assess the influence of co-digestion on gas yield and composition. Cumulative biogas yields of 3553.79 g, 3601.86 g, and 3578.74 g were recorded for the 100:0, 70:30, and 30:70 ratios, respectively, by day 27. Maximum daily biogas production occurred on day 15 for all systems, with peak yields of 375.98 g (100:0), 380.77 g (70:30), and 377.65 g (30:70), indicating optimal methanogenic activity during the mid-digestion phase. Gas chromatography analysis showed methane concentrations of 78.6%, 76.8%, and 71.5% for the respective substrate ratios, while carbon dioxide ranged from 20.4% to 27.4% and trace gases remained below 1.1%. The results demonstrate that cow dung–Moringa Oleifera co-digestion produces stable, high-quality biogas and represents an effective waste-to-energy strategy for renewable energy generation and sustainable waste management.

This study investigated the predisposing factors affecting academic<br> performance of students in inclusive schools in Oredo Local Government Area of<br> Edo State. To achieve the purpose of the study, two research questions were<br> raised and answered while two hypotheses were tested.<br> The descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study. The<br> population for this study was made up of special needs students in inclusive<br> schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample for the study<br> is 115 which was gotten from two inclusive schools, namely; Ihogbe and Idia<br> College. For data analysis, mean score and standard deviation were used to<br> calculate the research findings.

Monetary policy plays a vital role in shaping the financial system of any economy, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policies aimed at regulating money supply, controlling inflation, stabilizing exchange rates, and promoting economic growth. However, Nigeria has continued to face significant economic challenges, including high inflation, currency volatility, and sluggish economic growth, further intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic.<br> <br> This study examines the role and effectiveness of monetary policy in influencing the Nigerian financial system. It highlights key issues such as financial exclusion, limited access to credit, and the underdevelopment of financial products. While previous studies have shown mixed findings regarding the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and stimulating growth, there remains a gap in research concerning its broader impact on the financial system.

ABSTRACT<br> This research explores the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa Library, focusing on its impact on library operations, user education, and overall service delivery. The study aims to assess how ICT tools are integrated into the library's functions, evaluate the effectiveness of user education programs, and identify areas for improvement. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from interviews and observations. A sample of 100 respondents, including library staff and users, provided comprehensive data on their experiences and perceptions regarding ICT utilization and user education.<br> Key findings indicate that 100% of library staff participate in user education, predominantly through lecturing, which is favored by 70% of respondents. This method proves effective but suggests room for incorporating diverse educational techniques. ICT tools are used daily by 40% of library users, with a satisfaction rate of 70% regarding the current ICT infrastructure. The demographic profile of staff and users shows a broad range of ages and academic backgrounds, influencing their interaction with library services.<br> The study concludes that while the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa Library demonstrates strong commitment to user education and effective ICT use, there is a need for enhancing the variety of educational methods and ensuring ongoing investment in technology. Recommendations include diversifying user education methods, investing in updated ICT infrastructure, enhancing feedback mechanisms, and providing continuous staff training. Suggestions for further research include investigating the impact of specific ICT tools, evaluating user education methods, and conducting comparative studies with other libraries. This research contributes to understanding the role of ICT in academic libraries and provides actionable insights for improving library services.

Isolation and identification of microorganisms from peeled groundnut sold in Owerri metropolis was investigated. A total of ten (10) groundnuts peeled were randomly purchased from ten (10) different vendors within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria, Standard microbiological plate count was used to isolate the microorganisms. Total viable bacterial counts recorded ranged from 5.0 x 10 cfu/g to 1.4 x 10'cfisg. Total coliform counts recorded ranged from 1.0 10 cfu/g to 2.0 x 10 cfu/g while total fungal counts recorded ranged from 6.0 x 10 cfu/g to 5.0 x 10fcfu/g. There were no coliform counts recorded with seven (7) out of the ten (10) groundnut samples used in this study. Bacterial isolates, frequency and percentage occurrence recorded include; Preudomonas 9(34.6%), Bacillus 10(38.5%), Escherichia 2(7.6%), Micrococcus 1(3.9%), Streptococcus 1(3.9%) and Staphylococcus species 3(11.5%). Fungal isolates, frequency and percentage occurrence recorded include; Mucor 7(35.0%), Rhizopus 6(30.0%) and Penicillium species 7(35.0%). Considering the importance of groundnut as a poor man's nut, good quality control practices should be encouraged among the vendors.

This study investigates the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties of extracts from Curcuma longa (turmeric). Utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified a range of bioactive compounds, which revealed a complex phytochemical profile characterized by distinct molecular formulas, weights, retention times, and functional groups. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between extract concentration and antioxidant activity, with C. longa demonstrating considerable efficacy although it was less potent than ascorbic acid. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against various bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella sp, enterococci and pseudomonas. This study highlights the promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of C. longa, suggesting its potential applications in medicinal and nutritional fields. Further research is necessary to explore its mechanisms of action and overall efficacy.

This research explores the design of a Scholars' Retreat at the Federal University of Technology Minna, emphasizing the integration of social landscape elements to foster community engagement and enhance the built environment. Key design features include diverse seating, natural lighting, ergonomic furniture, informal interaction zones, and acoustic optimization. Using a qualitative, case study based methodology, the study analyzes architectural plans, community strategies, and stakeholder input. Findings highlight the importance of inclusivity, cultural sensitivity, placemaking, and adaptability, with safety, comfort, sustainability, and technology driven programming enhancing social interaction. The project advocates for a thoughtful, context aware architectural approach that balances aesthetics, functionality, and the social dynamics of the academic community.

I give thanks to almighty Allah the provider of knowledge and wisdom for seeing me <br> throughout my studies and enable me to undertaker my research successful without his grace<br> I would not have made it.<br> I extend my deep appreciate to my able supervisor Mr Obafemi A. for the professional guidance and advice provider during the study that made it possible for me to successful complete this project may Almighty Allah continue to promote, protect and guide him(Amin)<br> Special thanks to my lovely parents my father Mr Sanni Abdulrasheed Aremu and my lovely mother Mrs. Sanni Fatimoh Ayoni for their advice, and financial support all throughout my life and studies may Almighty Allah will continue to shower his blessings on them (Amin)<br> I express my sincere gratitude to my beloved siblings Bro Qozeem, sis Monsurat ,sis Nafisat and darling jnr sis Falilat for their support and concern throughout the completion of this project, may Almighty Allah continue to reward them abundantly (Amin)<br> Finally I want to thanks all my friends Balikis Bukola, Morufat,Temitope I love you guys all<br>